Coniglio Andrew J, Crane Benjamin T
School of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 260, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2014 Apr;15(2):305-17. doi: 10.1007/s10162-013-0438-4. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
In many sensory systems, perception of stimuli is influenced by previous stimulus exposure such that subsequent stimuli may be perceived as more neutral. This phenomenon is known as an aftereffect and has been studied for vision, audition, and some vestibular stimuli including roll and translation. Previous data on yaw rotation perception has focused on low-frequency stimuli on the order of a minute which may not be directly applicable to frequencies during ambulation. The aim of the current study is to look at the influence of yaw rotation on subsequent perception near 1 Hz, the predominant frequency of yaw rotation during human ambulation. Humans were rotated with 12 ° whole body adapting stimulus over 1 or 1.5 s. After an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 3 s, a test stimulus the same duration as the adapting stimulus was presented, and subjects pushed a button to identify the direction of the test stimulus as right or left. The direction and magnitude of the test stimulus was adjusted based on prior responses to find the stimulus at which no rotation was perceived. Experiments were conducted both in darkness and with a visual fixation point. The presence of a fixation point did not influence the aftereffect which was largest at 0.5 s with an average size of 0.78 ± 0.18°/s (mean ± SE). The aftereffect diminished with a time constant of ~1 s. Thresholds were elevated after the adapting stimulus and also decreased with a time constant of ~1 s. These findings demonstrate that short adapting stimuli can induce significant aftereffects in yaw rotation perception and that these aftereffects are independent from the previously described velocity storage.
在许多感觉系统中，刺激的感知会受到先前刺激暴露的影响，以至于后续刺激可能会被感知为更加中性。这种现象被称为后效应，并且已经在视觉、听觉以及一些前庭刺激（包括侧滚和平移）方面得到了研究。先前关于偏航旋转感知的数据主要集中在大约每分钟的低频刺激上，而这些刺激可能并不直接适用于行走过程中的频率。本研究的目的是观察偏航旋转对接近1赫兹（人类行走过程中偏航旋转的主要频率）的后续感知的影响。让人类以12°的全身适应性刺激在1秒或1.5秒内进行旋转。在0.5秒、1.0秒、1.5秒或3秒的刺激间隔（ISI）之后，呈现与适应性刺激持续时间相同的测试刺激，受试者按下按钮以确定测试刺激的方向是向右还是向左。根据先前的反应调整测试刺激的方向和大小，以找到受试者感觉不到旋转的刺激。实验分别在黑暗中和有视觉注视点的情况下进行。注视点的存在并不影响后效应，后效应在0.5秒时最大，平均大小为0.78±0.18°/秒（平均值±标准误）。后效应以约1秒的时间常数衰减。适应性刺激后阈值升高，并且也以约1秒的时间常数下降。这些发现表明，短时间的适应性刺激可以在偏航旋转感知中诱发显著的后效应，并且这些后效应独立于先前描述的速度存储。
