Ruedl G, Kopp M, Burtscher M, Zorowka P, Weichbold V, Stephan K, Koci V, Seebacher J
Sport Science, University Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Hearing Speech and Voice Disorders, University Innsbruck, Austria.
Int J Sports Med. 2014 Jul;35(8):645-50. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358673. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Helmet use on ski slopes has steadily increased worldwide over the past years. A common reason reported for helmet non-use, however, is impaired hearing. Therefore, an intra-subject design study was conducted to compare hearing thresholds and sound source localization of 21 adults with normal hearing in an anechoic chamber when wearing a ski helmet and ski goggles or wearing a ski cap and ski goggles to the condition head bare. Hearing thresholds while wearing a ski helmet (6.8 ± 1.6 dB HL) and ski cap (5.5 ± 1.6 dB HL) were significantly different (p = 0.030, d = 0.44). Compared to head bare (2.5 ± 1.2 dB HL), a significant difference was found for the ski helmet only (p = 0.040, d = 1.57). Regarding sound source localization, correct scores in the condition head bare (90%) showed a highly significant difference compared with those of condition cap (65%) and helmet (58%), respectively (p < 0.001; d > 2.5). Compared to the ski cap, wearing the helmet significantly reduced correct scores (p = 0.020, d = 0.59) irrespective of the tested sound pressure levels. In conclusion, wearing a ski helmet impairs hearing to a small though significantly greater extent compared with a cap, the degree, however, being less than what is termed as a hearing impairment. Compared to the condition head bare, wearing a ski cap or a ski helmet significantly reduced one's ability of sound source localization.
在过去几年中，全球滑雪场使用头盔的情况稳步增加。然而，报告的不使用头盔的一个常见原因是听力受损。因此，进行了一项受试者内设计研究，比较21名听力正常的成年人在消声室内佩戴滑雪头盔和滑雪护目镜、或佩戴滑雪帽和滑雪护目镜以及头部裸露这三种情况下的听力阈值和声源定位。佩戴滑雪头盔（6.8±1.6dB HL）和滑雪帽（5.5±1.6dB HL）时的听力阈值存在显著差异（p = 0.030，d = 0.44）。与头部裸露（2.5±1.2dB HL）相比，仅佩戴滑雪头盔时存在显著差异（p = 0.040，d = 1.57）。关于声源定位，头部裸露情况下的正确得分（90%）与戴帽子（65%）和戴头盔（58%）情况下的正确得分相比，分别显示出高度显著差异（p < 0.001；d > 2.5）。与滑雪帽相比，无论测试的声压水平如何，佩戴头盔都会显著降低正确得分（p = 0.020，d = 0.59）。总之，与帽子相比，佩戴滑雪头盔对听力有轻微但显著更大程度的损害，然而，损害程度小于所谓的听力障碍。与头部裸露的情况相比，佩戴滑雪帽或滑雪头盔会显著降低一个人的声源定位能力。
