Ayazi Touraj, Lien Lars, Eide Arne, Swartz Leslie, Hauff Edvard
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 10;14:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-6.
The negative effect of exposure to traumatic events on mental health is well known. Most studies of the effects of trauma on mental health in war-affected populations have focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Although some studies confirm the existence of anxiety symptoms in war-affected populations, the extent to which exposure to traumatic events is independently associated with anxiety diagnoses (other than PTSD) has received less attention. The study aimed to determine whether having an anxiety diagnosis, other than PTSD, was associated with experiencing traumatic events in a post-conflict setting, across genders and after controlling for demographic and socio-economic variables.
In this cross-sectional community study (n = 1200), we applied the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) to investigate the extent of trauma exposure and PTSD. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to investigate the prevalence of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and agoraphobia. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between these disorders, previous trauma exposure, and socio-economic factors.
The participants were 56.4% male and 43.6% female. The age ranged between 18 and 73 years old (Mean 34.63, SD = 12.03). The estimated rates of GAD-only and PD-only (without comorbidity with PTSD) were 5.5% and 3.1%, respectively. Exposure to traumatic events and socio-economic disadvantage were significantly associated with having one or more anxiety diagnoses. After controlling for age, sex, rural/urban setting, and socio-economic disadvantage, exposure to trauma was independently associated with anxiety diagnosis. There were gender differences in the pattern of risk factors for having PTSD, GAD or PD.
In individuals with a history of war-related trauma exposure, attention should be given to symptoms of GAD and PD, in addition to PTSD symptoms.
接触创伤性事件对心理健康的负面影响众所周知。大多数关于创伤对受战争影响人群心理健康影响的研究都集中在创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和抑郁症上。尽管一些研究证实受战争影响人群中存在焦虑症状，但接触创伤性事件与焦虑诊断（除PTSD外）独立相关的程度受到的关注较少。该研究旨在确定在冲突后环境中，除PTSD外的焦虑诊断是否与经历创伤性事件相关，涉及不同性别，并在控制人口统计学和社会经济变量之后进行研究。
在这项横断面社区研究（n = 1200）中，我们应用哈佛创伤问卷（HTQ）来调查创伤暴露程度和PTSD情况。使用迷你国际神经精神病学访谈（MINI）来调查焦虑症的患病率：广泛性焦虑症（GAD）、惊恐障碍（PD）、社交恐惧症、强迫症（OCD）和广场恐惧症。进行多项逻辑回归分析以检验这些障碍、既往创伤暴露和社会经济因素之间的关联。
参与者中男性占56.4%，女性占43.6%。年龄在18至73岁之间（平均34.63，标准差 = 12.03）。仅患有GAD和仅患有PD（无PTSD共病）的估计患病率分别为5.5%和3.1%。接触创伤性事件和社会经济劣势与有一项或多项焦虑诊断显著相关。在控制年龄、性别、农村/城市环境和社会经济劣势后，创伤暴露与焦虑诊断独立相关。在患有PTSD、GAD或PD的危险因素模式上存在性别差异。
在有与战争相关创伤暴露史的个体中，除了PTSD症状外，还应关注GAD和PD的症状。
