Centre for Critical Development Studies and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Room 558, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
Public Health. 2014 Feb;128(2):129-40. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.11.010. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
In recent years, there has been a growing debate about what role foundations should play in global health governance generally, and particularly vis-à-vis the World Health Organization (WHO). Much of this discussion revolves around today's gargantuan philanthropy, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and its sway over the agenda and modus operandi of global health. Yet such pre-occupations are not new. The Rockefeller Foundation (RF), the unparalleled 20th century health philanthropy heavyweight, both profoundly shaped WHO and maintained long and complex relations with it, even as both institutions changed over time. This article examines the WHO-RF relationship from the 1940s to the 1960s, tracing its ebbs and flows, key moments, challenges, and quandaries, concluding with a reflection on the role of the Cold War in both fully institutionalizing the RF's dominant disease-control approach and limiting its smaller social medicine efforts, even as the RF's quotidian influence at WHO diminished.
近年来，人们对于基金会在全球卫生治理中应扮演何种角色，尤其是在世界卫生组织（WHO）方面，展开了越来越多的讨论。这场讨论的核心主要围绕当今规模庞大的慈善机构——比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会（Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation），以及它对全球卫生议程和运作模式的影响。然而，此类关注并非新鲜事物。洛克菲勒基金会（RF）作为 20 世纪无可比拟的卫生慈善事业巨头，对 WHO 产生了深远的影响，并与其保持着长期而复杂的关系，即使这两个机构随着时间的推移而发生变化。本文从 20 世纪 40 年代到 60 年代，考察了 WHO 和 RF 的关系，追溯了其兴衰、关键节点、挑战和困境，并最终反思了冷战在将 RF 主导的疾病控制方法完全制度化以及限制其较小的社会医学努力方面所起的作用，尽管 RF 在 WHO 的日常影响力有所减弱。
