Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, 45 Walmer Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5R 2X2.
Dev Psychobiol. 2014 Feb;56(2):262-73. doi: 10.1002/dev.21196. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
The present study investigated how 6- and 9-month-old Caucasian infants scan Caucasian and Chinese dynamic faces using eye-tracking methodology. Analyses of looking times revealed that with increased age, infants decreased their looking time to other-race noses, while maintaining their looking time for own-race noses. From 6 to 9 months, infants increased their looking time for the eyes of both races of faces. Analyses of scan paths showed that infants were no more likely to shift their fixation between the eyes of own-race faces than other-race faces. Similarity between participants' scan paths suggested that facial information was collected more efficiently for own- versus other-race faces at 9 months of age. Combined with previous eye-tracking studies of infants' face scanning (Liu et al. [2011] Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 180-189; Wheeler et al. [2011] PLoS ONE, 6, e18621. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018621; Xiao et al. [2013] International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37, 100-105), the findings are interpreted in the context of perceptual narrowing and suggest differential contributions of visual experience, facial physiognomy, and culture in accounting for similarity and difference in infants scanning of own- and other-race faces.
本研究采用眼动追踪技术，考察了 6 月龄和 9 月龄的白种婴儿如何扫描白种人和中国人的动态面孔。注视时间分析表明，随着年龄的增长，婴儿对异种族鼻子的注视时间减少，而对本种族鼻子的注视时间保持不变。从 6 个月到 9 个月，婴儿对两种种族面孔的眼睛注视时间增加。扫视路径分析表明，婴儿在本种族和异种族面孔之间转移注视的可能性没有差异。参与者的扫视路径相似性表明，在 9 个月大时，婴儿对面孔的信息收集更有效，无论是本种族还是异种族的面孔。结合之前关于婴儿面孔扫描的眼动追踪研究（Liu 等人，[2011]《实验儿童心理学杂志》，108，180-189；Wheeler 等人，[2011]《公共科学图书馆·综合》，6，e18621. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018621；Xiao 等人，[2013]《国际行为发展杂志》，37，100-105），这些发现被解释为知觉范围缩小的结果，并表明视觉经验、面部特征和文化在解释婴儿对本族和异族面孔扫描的相似性和差异性方面具有不同的作用。
