Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
Theor Appl Genet. 1975 Jan;45(7):294-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00276682.
The extent of heterosis was examined for six agronomic and two chemical characters in a complete diallel cross experiment involving a set of ten self-pollinated varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) of diverse ecogeographic origin. The magnitude of general and specific combining ability variances and differences in reciprocal F 1 hybrids were also investigated.Heterosis was, on average, highest for seed yield (33%), followed by number of capsules per plant (16%). Mean percent heterosis was small for earliness, plant height and number of primary branches, while it was insignificant for number of secondary branches and percentage of oil. Significant negative heterosis was observed for percentage of protein.Percent heterosis was generally higher in Indian x exotic crosses than in Indian x Indian and exotic x exotic crosses. The exotic lines appeared to be useful in Indian sesame breeding programmes, particularly in the improvement of earliness, number of secondary branches, seed yield and protein content.Additive as well as non-additive gene action seemed to govern the expression of the various characters studied. General combining ability variances were predominant for days to flowering, plant height, number of primary branches and number of secondary branches, while specific combining ability variances were in moderate to high proportions for seed yield, percentage of oil and percentage of protein. T.M.V.-2 and S. I. 770 were the best general combiners for many of the characters while S. I. 1783 and Sel-R were found to be the best for earliness and oil content respectively. Significant variances due to reciprocal effects were also detected for some of the characters.Isolation of pure lines was preferred to production of hybrids in sesame, and crossing selected sibs in the early segregating generations followed by inbreeding seemed to be a desirable breeding procedure.
在一项涉及 10 个自交系的完全双列杂交试验中，对 6 个农艺学和 2 个化学性状的杂种优势程度进行了研究，这些自交系来自不同的生态地理起源。还研究了一般和特殊配合力方差以及正反交 F1 杂种的差异。杂种优势平均最高的是种子产量（33%），其次是每株蒴果数（16%）。早期、株高和一级分枝数的平均杂种优势百分比较小，而二级分枝数和含油量的杂种优势百分比较小。蛋白质的百分杂种优势显著为负。印度×外来杂交的杂种优势百分率一般高于印度×印度和外来×外来杂交。外来系似乎对印度芝麻的育种计划有用，特别是在提高早期、二级分枝数、种子产量和蛋白质含量方面。加性和非加性基因作用似乎控制着所研究的各种性状的表达。一般配合力方差对开花天数、株高、一级分枝数和二级分枝数起主导作用，而特殊配合力方差对种子产量、油分和蛋白质分的比例起中等至高比例的作用。T.M.V.-2 和 S. I. 770 是许多性状的最佳一般组合者，而 S. I. 1783 和 Sel-R 则分别是早期和油分的最佳组合者。一些性状也检测到由于互作而产生的显著方差。在芝麻中，最好选择分离纯系而不是生产杂种，并且在早期分离世代中选择同胞交配，然后进行自交，似乎是一种理想的育种程序。
