1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.
2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
J Atten Disord. 2017 Dec;21(14):1208-1220. doi: 10.1177/1087054713517542. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
A failure of the anti-phase synchronization between default-mode (DMN) and task-positive networks (TPN) may be involved in a main manifestation of ADHD: moment-to-moment variability. The study investigated whereby methylphenidate may improve TPN/DMN synchronization in ADHD.
Eleven drug-naive ADHD children and 11 typically developing (TD) children performed a flanker task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ADHD group was scanned without and 1 month later with methylphenidate. The signal was analyzed by independent component analysis.
The TD group showed anti-phase DMN/TPN synchronization. The unmedicated ADHD group showed synchronous activity in the posterior DMN only, which was positively correlated with response time variability for the flanker task. Methylphenidate initiated a partial anti-phase TPN/DMN synchronization, reduced variability, and abolished the variability/DMN correlation.
Although results should be interpreted cautiously because the sample size is small, they suggest that a failure of the TPN/DMN synchronization could be involved in the moment-to-moment variability in ADHD. Methylphenidate initiated TPN/DMN synchronization, which in turn appeared to reduce variability.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的一个主要表现是瞬间变化，可能与默认模式网络（DMN）和任务正性网络（TPN）之间的反相同步失败有关。本研究探讨了哌甲酯如何改善 ADHD 中的 TPN/DMN 同步。
11 名未用药的 ADHD 儿童和 11 名典型发育（TD）儿童在功能磁共振成像期间执行了一种侧抑制任务。ADHD 组在未用药和 1 个月后用哌甲酯进行了扫描。通过独立成分分析对信号进行了分析。
TD 组显示出 DMN/TPN 的反相同步。未经治疗的 ADHD 组仅在后 DMN 中显示同步活动，该活动与侧抑制任务的反应时变异性呈正相关。哌甲酯引发了部分反相 TPN/DMN 同步，降低了变异性，并消除了变异性与 DMN 的相关性。
尽管由于样本量较小，结果应谨慎解释，但它们表明 TPN/DMN 同步的失败可能与 ADHD 中的瞬间变异性有关。哌甲酯引发了 TPN/DMN 的同步，这似乎反过来降低了变异性。
