美国吸烟公众形象的变化：1964-2014 年。
The changing public image of smoking in the United States: 1964-2014.
机构信息
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and History Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
出版信息
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Jan;23(1):32-6. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0798.
Tobacco use behaviors in the U.S. have changed significantly over the past century. After a steep increase in cigarette use rates over the first half of the 20th century, adult smoking prevalence rates started declining from their peak reached in 1964. Improved understanding of the health risks of smoking has been aided by the U.S. Surgeon General's Reports, issued on a nearly annual basis starting in 1964. Among the many forces driving down smoking prevalence were the recognition of tobacco use as an addiction and cause of cancer, along with concerns about the ill effects of breathing secondhand smoke. These factors contributed to the declining social acceptance of smoking, especially with the advent of legal restrictions on smoking in public spaces, mass media counter-marketing campaigns, and higher taxes on cigarettes. This article reviews some of the forces that have helped change the public image of smoking, focusing on the 50 years since the 1964 Surgeon General's Report on smoking and health.
美国的烟草使用行为在过去一个世纪发生了重大变化。在 20 世纪上半叶，香烟使用率急剧上升之后，从 1964 年达到的峰值开始，成年人吸烟率开始下降。美国外科医生总署的报告极大地帮助人们认识到了吸烟的健康风险，这些报告几乎每年发布一次，从 1964 年开始。导致吸烟率下降的因素有很多，包括将烟草使用视为成瘾和癌症的原因，以及对吸入二手烟的不良影响的担忧。这些因素导致吸烟的社会认可度下降，尤其是随着公共场所吸烟限制、大众媒体反营销活动和香烟税的提高等法律限制的出现。本文回顾了一些有助于改变吸烟公众形象的因素，重点关注自 1964 年美国外科医生总署关于吸烟与健康的报告发布以来的 50 年。
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