Hagen A G, Hytterød S, Olstad K
Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway.
J Fish Dis. 2014 Dec;37(12):1003-11. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12218. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. parr (age 1+), infected by the monogenean ectoparasite Gyrodactylus salaris (Malmberg, 1957), were exposed to chlorine (Cl)-enriched water at three different concentrations: Cllow (0-5 μg Cl L(-1) ), Clmedium (18 μg Cl L(-1) ) and Clhigh (50 μg Cl L(-1) ). There was a negative correlation between G. salaris infections and the hypochlorite concentrations added. The parasite infection was eliminated by day 6-8 and day 2-4 in the groups Clmedium and Clhigh , respectively, while inhibition of G. salaris population growth was observed in the Cllow group. An important note to this matter, however, is that the G. salaris specimens observed at day 6 in Clmedium and at day 2 in Clhigh were all considered dead by subjective judgement. No mortality in the salmon parr was observed during the first 8 days of the experiment, demonstrating that Cl has a stronger effect on G. salaris than on the salmonid host. The differences in sensitivity between the parasite and the Atlantic salmon indicate that hypochlorite has a potential use as a parasiticide with a therapeutic margin. The low-dose sensitivity may imply that Cl pollution in urban areas may pose a greater risk towards biodiversity than previously assumed.
大西洋鲑鱼，即1龄以上的大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）幼鱼，感染了单殖吸虫体外寄生虫鲑三代虫（Gyrodactylus salaris，Malmberg，1957），将其暴露于三种不同浓度的富含氯（Cl）的水中：低氯组（0 - 5 μg Cl L⁻¹）、中氯组（18 μg Cl L⁻¹）和高氯组（50 μg Cl L⁻¹）。鲑三代虫感染与添加的次氯酸盐浓度之间呈负相关。在中氯组和高氯组中，寄生虫感染分别在第6 - 8天和第2 - 4天被消除，而在低氯组中观察到鲑三代虫种群生长受到抑制。然而，关于此事的一个重要注意点是，在中氯组第6天和高氯组第2天观察到的鲑三代虫标本经主观判断均被认为已死亡。在实验的前8天未观察到鲑鱼幼鱼死亡，这表明氯对鲑三代虫的影响比对鲑科宿主的影响更强。寄生虫与大西洋鲑之间敏感性的差异表明，次氯酸盐有作为具有治疗余量的杀寄生虫剂的潜在用途。低剂量敏感性可能意味着城市地区的氯污染对生物多样性构成的风险可能比先前假设的更大。
