Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
Benchmark R&D (Thailand), No. 57/1 Moo 6, Samed Sub-District, Muang Chonburi District, Chonburi, Chonburi Province, 20000, Thailand.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Jan 9;14(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04504-5.
Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 is an OIE (Office International des Epizooties)-listed parasitic pathogen and had until the current study been reported from 19 countries across Europe, although many of these records require confirmation. The last comprehensive evaluation regarding the distribution of G. salaris, however, was made in 2007, although some of the states identified as being G. salaris-positive were ascribed this status based on misidentifications, on partial data resulting from either morphological or molecular tests, or from records that have not been revisited since their early reporting. It is thus important to go through the reports on G. salaris to obtain a status for each country.
To provide a revised update of the G. salaris distribution, a literature review was necessary. This literature, however, was not always readily accessible and, in certain cases, the article only made superficial reference to the parasite without providing details or data to support the identification. In most cases, the original specimens were not deposited in a national collection. Additional Gyrodactylus material for the current study was obtained from selected salmonid populations with the aim to contribute to current understanding regarding the distribution of G. salaris. Additional parasite material collected for this study was processed following standard procedures for species identification in Gyrodactylus [1].
From the work conducted in the current study, G. salaris is reported from a further three regions in Italy, alongside three other species, and appears to occur extensively throughout central Italy without causing significant mortalities to its rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), host. The analysis of archive material from G. salaris-positive farms would suggest that G. salaris has been in this country since at least 2000. Material obtained from rainbow trout from Finland and Germany are confirmed as G. salaris, supporting existing data for these countries. No specimens of G. salaris, however, were found in the additional Gyrodactylus material obtained from rainbow trout reared in Portugal and Spain. A morphologically similar species, Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel et Vigneulle, 1999, however, was found.
Following the present review, Gyrodactylus salaris is reported from 23 out of 50 recognised states throughout Europe; only records from 14 of these states have been confirmed by either morphology and/or by an appropriate molecular test and are considered valid, while only nine of these records have been confirmed by a combination of both methods.
Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg，1957 是一种 OIE（国际动物卫生组织）列出的寄生虫病原体，直到目前的研究报告，它已经在欧洲的 19 个国家被报道，尽管其中许多记录需要确认。然而，关于 Gyrodactylus salaris 分布的最后一次全面评估是在 2007 年进行的，尽管一些被确定为 Gyrodactylus salaris 阳性的州是基于错误识别、形态学或分子测试的部分数据或自早期报告以来未被复查的记录而被赋予这一地位。因此，有必要对 Gyrodactylus salaris 的报告进行审查，以确定每个国家的状况。
为了提供 Gyrodactylus salaris 分布的修订更新，有必要进行文献综述。然而，这些文献并不总是容易获得的，在某些情况下，文章只是对寄生虫进行了表面上的提及，没有提供细节或数据来支持鉴定。在大多数情况下，原始标本没有存放在国家收藏中。为了当前对 Gyrodactylus salaris 分布的了解，本研究从选定的鲑鱼种群中获得了额外的 Gyrodactylus 材料。本研究收集的额外寄生虫材料按照 Gyrodactylus 物种鉴定的标准程序进行处理[1]。
从当前研究中进行的工作中，Gyrodactylus salaris 被报告来自意大利的另外三个地区，以及另外三个物种，并且似乎广泛存在于意大利中部，而不会对其虹鳟鱼，Oncorhynchus mykiss（Walbaum）的宿主造成显著的死亡率。对来自 Gyrodactylus salaris 阳性农场的档案材料的分析表明，Gyrodactylus salaris 自 2000 年以来一直在这个国家。从芬兰和德国获得的虹鳟鱼获得的材料被确认为 Gyrodactylus salaris，支持了这些国家的现有数据。然而，在从葡萄牙和西班牙饲养的虹鳟鱼中获得的额外 Gyrodactylus 材料中没有发现 Gyrodactylus salaris 的标本。然而，发现了一种形态相似的物种，Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite、Blanc、Thiery、Daniel 和 Vigneulle，1999。
根据本综述，Gyrodactylus salaris 在欧洲 50 个公认的州中的 23 个州被报告；只有其中 14 个州的记录通过形态学和/或适当的分子测试得到了确认，并被认为是有效的，而这些记录中只有 9 个是通过两种方法的组合得到了确认。
