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临床情境中的薄片判断。

Thin-slice judgments in the clinical context.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155; email:

出版信息

Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:131-53. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-090413-123522. Epub 2014 Jan 9.

Abstract

Clinicians make a variety of assessments about their clients, from judging personality traits to making diagnoses, and a variety of methods are available to do so, ranging from observations to structured interviews. A large body of work demonstrates that from a brief glimpse of another's nonverbal behavior, a variety of traits and inner states can be accurately perceived. Additionally, from these "thin slices" of behavior, even future outcomes can be predicted with some accuracy. Certain clinical disorders such as Parkinson's disease and facial paralysis disrupt nonverbal behavior and may impair clinicians' ability to make accurate judgments. In certain contexts, personality disorders, anxiety, depression, and suicide attempts and outcomes can be detected from others' nonverbal behavior. Additionally, thin slices can predict psychological adjustment to divorce, bereavement, sexual abuse, and well-being throughout life. Thus, for certain traits and disorders, judgments from a thin slice could provide a complementary tool for the clinician's toolbox.

摘要

临床医生对他们的客户进行各种评估,从判断人格特质到做出诊断,有多种方法可供选择,从观察到结构化访谈。大量研究表明,通过短暂观察他人的非言语行为,可以准确感知到各种特质和内在状态。此外,通过这些“行为切片”,甚至可以预测未来的结果。某些临床障碍,如帕金森病和面瘫,会扰乱非言语行为,并可能损害临床医生做出准确判断的能力。在某些情况下,从他人的非言语行为中可以检测到人格障碍、焦虑、抑郁、自杀企图和结果。此外,“行为切片”可以预测离婚、丧亲、性虐待以及一生的幸福感和心理适应能力。因此,对于某些特质和障碍,“行为切片”的判断可以为临床医生的工具包提供一种补充工具。

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