Pompili Maurizio, Rihmer Zoltán, Akiskal Hagop S, Innamorati Marco, Iliceto Paolo, Akiskal Kareen K, Lester David, Narciso Valentina, Ferracuti Stefano, Tatarelli Roberto, De Pisa Eleonora, Girardi Paolo
Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Psychopathology. 2008;41(5):313-21. doi: 10.1159/000146069. Epub 2008 Jul 19.
Suicide is a serious public health problem. In the international literature there is evidence to support the notion that certain temperaments and personality traits are often associated with suicidal behavior.
In this study, 150 psychiatric inpatients were investigated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego autoquestionnaire, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 2nd edition (MMPI-2) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale and evaluated for suicide risk by means of the critical items of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.
Statistical analysis, including logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis, showed that suicide risk contributed to the prediction of hopelessness. Among the temperaments, only the hyperthymic temperament, as a protective factor, and the dysthymic/cyclothymic/anxious temperament contributed significantly to the prediction of hopelessness. Irritable temperament and social introversion were predictive factors for suicidal risk. Hopelessness and depression were associated with higher suicidal behavior and ideation, but, unexpectedly, depression as measured by the MMPI did not contribute significantly to the multiple regressions.
The present study indicated that, although suicidal psychiatric patients have MMPI-2 profiles in the pathological range, they exhibit several differences from nonsuicidal patients. Patients at risk of suicide have specific temperaments as well as personality and defense mechanism profiles. They are more socially introverted, depressed and psychasthenic, and use hysterical and schizoid mechanisms more often. Generalizability of the findings was limited by the small sample size and the mix of bipolar disorder I, bipolar disorder II, major depressive disorder and psychotic disorder patients.
自杀是一个严重的公共卫生问题。国际文献中有证据支持这样的观点，即某些气质和人格特质常与自杀行为相关。
在本研究中，使用孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥气质自评问卷、明尼苏达多相人格调查表第二版（MMPI - 2）和贝克绝望量表对150名精神科住院患者进行调查，并通过迷你国际神经精神访谈的关键项目评估自杀风险。
包括逻辑回归分析和多元回归分析在内的统计分析表明，自杀风险有助于预测绝望感。在各种气质类型中，只有环性气质作为保护因素，以及恶劣心境/环性心境/焦虑气质对绝望感的预测有显著贡献。易怒气质和社交内向是自杀风险的预测因素。绝望感和抑郁与更高的自杀行为和自杀观念相关，但出乎意料的是，MMPI所测量的抑郁对多元回归没有显著贡献。
本研究表明，尽管有自杀倾向的精神科患者的MMPI - 2剖面图处于病理范围，但他们与无自杀倾向的患者存在一些差异。有自杀风险的患者具有特定的气质类型以及人格和防御机制特征。他们更倾向于社交内向、抑郁和精神衰弱，并且更频繁地使用癔症性和精神分裂样机制。由于样本量小以及纳入了I型双相情感障碍、II型双相情感障碍、重度抑郁症和精神障碍患者，研究结果的普遍性受到限制。
