Binding, uptake and expression of foreign DNA by cyanobacteria and isolated etioplasts.

Discoveries of the uptake and expression of various Escherichia coli plasmids by the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans and isolated cumber etioplasts are reviewed. In particular, the binding and uptake of nick-translated (32)P-labeled plasmids and the expression of genes in the native plasmids are considered.Permeaplasts of A. nidulans 6301 and isolated EDTA-washed cucumber etioplasts exhibit binding and uptake of DNA that is unaffected by uncouplers of photophosphorylation or by dissipators of transmembrane proton graident. ATP inhibits both binding and udptake by permeaplasts or EDTA-washed etioplasts but the analog AMP-PNP (non-hydrolzable) is noninhibitory. With permeaplasts there is no effect of 20 mM Mg(2+) (in the light) upon intake, whereas with EDTA-washed etioplasts, Mg(2+) at the same concentration inhibits uptake as does 20 mM Ca(2+).The transformation of A. nidulans 6301 to ampicillin-resistance by the plasmid pBR322 is much enhanced in permeaplasts. Indeed extracts of transformed cells catalyze the hydrolosis of the β-lactam nitrocefin. Transfromation of A. nidulans to antibiotic resistance may also be achieved with the plasmids pHUB4 and pCH1. The effect of light on transformation of A. nidulans 6301 differs with different plasmids. In pBR322 transformants the expression of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is markedly elevated. In these transformants, the foreign plasmid replicates by a pathway involving chromosomal integration and dissociation.The plasmid pCS75, a derivative of pUC9 (and therefore of pBR322) containing a Pst1 insert carrying genes for the large and small (S) subunits of RuBisCO from A. nidulans, is taken up and expressed in EDTA-washed cucumber cotyledon etioplasts. Expression is evidenced by the hydrolysis of nitrocefin and immunoprecipitation of labeled S subunits of RuBisCO (utilizing etioplasts which have been labeled with (35)S-methionine after incubation with pCS75). The plasmid pUC9-CM carrying a cat gene is also expressed in cucumber etioplasts in a manner that demonstrates dependence both on the duration of etioplast washing by EDTA and plasmid concentration. Translation (as measured by (35)S-methionine incorporation) by EDTA-washed etioplasts increases with cotyledon greening. However the enhancement of translation by prior incubation of EDTA-washed plastids with pCS75 decreases to zero during 24hr of cotyledon greening. Results suggest that the expression of foreign DNA in plastids may depend critically upon their developmental state.