University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn., USA.
Theor Appl Genet. 1971 Jan;41(5):197-202. doi: 10.1007/BF00279769.
The correlated responses in male and female sterility to 50 generations of individual selection for pupa weight in Tribolium were analyzed. Two replicate lines (S-lines) were selected for heavier pupa weight and stabilizing selection for pupa weight was practiced in two replicate control lines (C-lines). There was close agreement between replicates in both sets of lines for direct and correlated responses. The rate of inbreeding has been constant for all lines (approximately 0.5% per generation).Regression of generation means for pupa weight on generation of selection indicated a significant linear regression in the direct response for both lines. The linear increases of 46 and 55 μg. per generation in the S-lines accounted for 98% of the variation among generations and the linear decreases of 5 and 10 μg. per generation in the C-lines accounted for 70-90% of the variation in the generation means.Maximum likelihood estimators were used to calculate the frequency of male and female sterility for each generation and line. Average sterility in the base population ranged from about 4 to 12% for both sexes. Polynomial regressions of percent sterility on generation of selection showed that quadratic and higher order regressions were occasionally significant but accounted for a relatively small fraction of the total variation. In the two S-line replicates, linear regression coefficients of percent sterility on generation number were 0.16±.09 and 0.20±.07 for males and 0.72±.08 and 0.54±.08 for females, suggesting a larger correlated response in female than in male sterility. In the C-lines, linear regression coefficients were 0.02±.08 and -.12±.05 for males in the two replicates and -.05±.05 and -.05±.05 for females. Estimates of realized genetic correlations between pupa weight and sterility in the S-lines ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 for males and from 0.14 to 0.37 for females when the heritability of sterility was allowed to take on values from 0.05 to 0.25.
对 50 代选择蛹重的个体选择对玉米象雌雄不育的相关反应进行了分析。两个重复线（S 线）被选择为较重的蛹重，两个重复对照线（C 线）对蛹重进行了稳定选择。在两组线的重复中，直接和相关反应都非常一致。所有线的近交率都保持不变（每代约 0.5%）。蛹重世代均值对选择世代的回归表明，两条线的直接反应都有显著的线性回归。S 线每代增加 46 和 55μg，占世代间变异的 98%，C 线每代减少 5 和 10μg，占世代均值变异的 70-90%。最大似然估计器用于计算每一代和每一线的雄性和雌性不育的频率。基础群体中雄性和雌性的平均不育率约为 4%至 12%。不育率的多项式回归显示，二次和更高次的回归偶尔显著，但仅占总变异的一小部分。在两个 S 线重复中，雄性不育率的线性回归系数为 0.16±0.09 和 0.20±0.07，雌性为 0.72±0.08 和 0.54±0.08，表明雌性不育的相关反应大于雄性不育。在 C 线中，两个重复中雄性的线性回归系数分别为 0.02±0.08 和-0.12±0.05，雌性为-0.05±0.05 和-0.05±0.05。当允许不育的遗传力从 0.05 到 0.25 变化时，S 线中蛹重和不育之间的实现遗传相关估计值范围为 0.04 到 0.14 雄性和 0.14 到 0.37 雌性。
