McCormick Lisa C, Pevear Jesse, Rucks Andrew C, Ginter Peter M
Department of Health Care Organization and Policy (Drs McCormick, Rucks, and Ginter) and Survey Research Unit (Mr Pevear), University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2014 Jul-Aug;20(4):424-31. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3182a45104.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a tornado disaster on the personal preparedness of local residents to determine (1) to what extent the tornado outbreak experience had altered preparedness awareness, willingness to act, and levels of personal preparedness of residents as measured by possession of a preparedness kit; and (2) what effect this experience had on the variables associated with having a complete disaster preparedness kit.
Two random digit-dialed surveys were completed following the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System protocols. The pre-tornado survey was conducted between October and December 2010 and the post-tornado survey was conducted between January and March 2012.
After the April 2011 tornado outbreak, 86.08% of the respondents (n = 1364) reported that they had thought more about personal or family preparedness and 59.65% (n = 907) reported that they had taken actions to increase their level of preparedness. Overall, general awareness of preparedness media campaigns increased significantly (almost 24%; P < .0001), as did the percentage of those having a complete disaster preparedness kit (a 66% increase, not quite doubled from 2010 to 2012; P < .0001).
Findings of the study indicate that the disaster had a significant impact on the local residents' (1) awareness of preparedness campaigns, (2) awareness of the need to be prepared, (3) willingness to become better prepared, and (4) possession of a disaster and emergency preparedness kit and its associated items.
本研究旨在调查龙卷风灾害对当地居民个人应急准备的影响，以确定：（1）龙卷风爆发经历在多大程度上改变了居民的应急准备意识、行动意愿以及通过拥有应急包来衡量的个人应急准备水平；（2）这一经历对与拥有完整灾害应急包相关的变量有何影响。
按照行为危险因素监测系统的方案完成了两次随机数字拨号调查。龙卷风发生前的调查于2010年10月至12月进行，龙卷风发生后的调查于2012年1月至3月进行。
在2011年4月龙卷风爆发后，86.08%的受访者（n = 1364）表示他们更多地考虑了个人或家庭应急准备，59.65%的受访者（n = 907）表示他们已采取行动提高自己的应急准备水平。总体而言，对应急准备媒体宣传活动的总体认知显著提高（近24%；P <.0001），拥有完整灾害应急包的比例也显著提高（增加了66%，从2010年到2012年几乎翻倍；P <.0001）。
研究结果表明，这场灾害对当地居民产生了重大影响：（1）对应急准备宣传活动的认知；（2）对应急准备必要性的认知；（3）更好地做好准备的意愿；（4）拥有灾害和应急准备包及其相关物品。
