Department of Environmental Systems (D-USYS), Plant Pathology group, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
Microb Ecol. 2014 Apr;67(3):659-70. doi: 10.1007/s00248-013-0357-2. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
Changes in the soil microbial community structure can lead to dramatic changes in the soil ecosystem. Temperature, which is projected to increase with climate change, is commonly assumed to affect microbial communities, but its effects on agricultural soils are not fully understood. We collected soil samples from six vineyards characterised by a difference of about 2 °C in daily soil temperature over the year and simulated in a microcosm experiment different temperature regimes over a period of 1 year: seasonal fluctuations in soil temperature based on the average daily soil temperature measured in the field; soil temperature warming (2 °C above the normal seasonal temperatures); and constant temperatures normally registered in these temperate soils in winter (3 °C) and in summer (20 °C). Changes in the soil bacterial and fungal community structures were analysed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). We did not find any effect of warming on soil bacterial and fungal communities, while stable temperatures affected the fungal more than the bacterial communities, although this effect was soil dependent. The soil bacterial community exhibited soil-dependent seasonal fluctuations, while the fungal community was mainly stable. Each soil harbours different microbial communities that respond differently to seasonal temperature fluctuations; therefore, any generalization regarding the effect of climate change on soil communities should be made carefully.
土壤微生物群落结构的变化会导致土壤生态系统发生巨大变化。随着气候变化，温度预计会升高，人们普遍认为温度会影响微生物群落，但人们对农业土壤中温度的影响还不完全了解。我们从六个葡萄园采集了土壤样本，这些葡萄园的土壤日平均温度全年相差约 2°C，并在微宇宙实验中模拟了为期一年的不同温度条件：基于田间实测的日平均土壤温度的季节性土壤温度波动；土壤温度升高（比正常季节性温度高 2°C）；以及这些温带土壤冬季（3°C）和夏季（20°C）的正常温度。通过自动核糖体基因间隔区分析（ARISA）分析了土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的变化。我们没有发现升温对土壤细菌和真菌群落有任何影响，而稳定的温度对真菌的影响大于对细菌的影响，尽管这种影响取决于土壤。土壤细菌群落表现出土壤依赖性的季节性波动，而真菌群落主要是稳定的。每块土壤都蕴藏着不同的微生物群落，它们对季节性温度波动的反应不同；因此，关于气候变化对土壤群落影响的任何概括都应该谨慎做出。
