Platz Joseph, Hyman Neil
Department of Surgery, Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.
Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2013 Dec;26(4):218-23. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1356720.
The world of medicine is in a state of flux with major and substantive changes in its educational model. Students, residents, and junior attendings can no longer rely entirely on experiential development through clinical immersion. Instead, to attain similar levels of knowledge, technique, and situational comfort, there must be innovations in medical education that take advantage of the experience of mentors. Mentoring has been a part of medicine and surgery since the days of apprenticeship. Mentors must now teach more basic medicine than ever before and adapt to changes in the structure of medical education such as the use of simulation, yet still continue to foster career development among trainees and junior colleagues. For mentoring to succeed and benefit mentees, it must be supported. This patronage starts with each local university or hospital system but eventually must permeate the greater medical culture.
医学领域正处于不断变化之中，其教育模式发生了重大而实质性的变革。医学生、住院医师和初级主治医师再也不能完全依赖通过临床实习进行经验积累。相反，为了达到类似的知识、技术水平以及情境适应能力，医学教育必须进行创新，充分利用导师的经验。自学徒制时代起，指导就一直是医学和外科领域的一部分。如今，导师必须教授比以往更多的基础医学知识，并适应医学教育结构的变化，比如模拟技术的应用，但仍要继续促进实习生和初级同事的职业发展。为了使指导取得成功并让学员受益，必须给予支持。这种支持始于每一所当地大学或医院系统，但最终必须渗透到更广泛的医学文化之中。
