Platzman Ilia, Gadomska Katarzyna M, Janiesch Jan-Willi, Louban Ilia, Cavalcanti-Adam E Ada, Spatz Joachim P
Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Methods Cell Biol. 2014;119:237-60. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416742-1.00012-3.
Engineering of biomimetic interfaces has become a valuable tool for guiding cellular processes such as adhesion, spreading, motility, as well as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) or with other cells is involved in nearly every cellular response in vivo. Recent wide-ranging evidence shows that crosstalk between different environmental stimuli can have a tremendous impact on various cell functions. Therefore, the defined control of these stimuli in vitro can contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the ability of cells to perform "intelligent" missions like acquiring, processing, and responding to environmental information. This chapter summarizes recently developed nanopatterned biomimetic systems that allow independent control of different stimuli and illustrates their applications in cellular studies. Particular attention is devoted to nanopatterned 2D and 3D artificial ECM systems based on poly(ethylene glycol) materials. These allow independent control over the material elasticity and the nanoscale distribution of bioligands on the surface. In the case of engineering artificial cellular interfaces, additional attention has to be devoted to the critical functions of protein transport regulators, namely the cell membrane and the dynamic actin cytoskeleton; both are essential for the signaling activity of individual proteins and the entire cell.
仿生界面工程已成为引导细胞过程（如粘附、铺展、迁移以及增殖、分化和凋亡）的重要工具。细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）或其他细胞的相互作用几乎参与了体内的每一种细胞反应。最近大量的证据表明，不同环境刺激之间的相互作用会对各种细胞功能产生巨大影响。因此，在体外对这些刺激进行精确控制有助于理解细胞执行“智能”任务（如获取、处理和响应环境信息）能力背后的机制。本章总结了最近开发的纳米图案化仿生系统，这些系统能够独立控制不同的刺激，并阐述了它们在细胞研究中的应用。特别关注基于聚乙二醇材料的纳米图案化二维和三维人工ECM系统。这些系统能够独立控制材料的弹性以及生物配体在表面的纳米级分布。在工程化人工细胞界面的情况下，还必须特别关注蛋白质运输调节因子的关键功能，即细胞膜和动态肌动蛋白细胞骨架；两者对于单个蛋白质和整个细胞的信号传导活性都至关重要。
