Rolls Edmund T
Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; University of Warwick, Department of Computer Science, Coventry, UK.
Cortex. 2015 Jan;62:119-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.12.005. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
The concept of a (single) limbic system is shown to be outmoded. Instead, anatomical, neurophysiological, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological evidence is described that anterior limbic and related structures including the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion, reward valuation, and reward-related decision-making (but not memory), with the value representations transmitted to the anterior cingulate cortex for action-outcome learning. In this 'emotion limbic system' a computational principle is that feedforward pattern association networks learn associations from visual, olfactory and auditory stimuli, to primary reinforcers such as taste, touch, and pain. In primates including humans this learning can be very rapid and rule-based, with the orbitofrontal cortex overshadowing the amygdala in this learning important for social and emotional behaviour. Complementary evidence is described showing that the hippocampus and limbic structures to which it is connected including the posterior cingulate cortex and the fornix-mammillary body-anterior thalamus-posterior cingulate circuit are involved in episodic or event memory, but not emotion. This 'hippocampal system' receives information from neocortical areas about spatial location, and objects, and can rapidly associate this information together by the different computational principle of autoassociation in the CA3 region of the hippocampus involving feedback. The system can later recall the whole of this information in the CA3 region from any component, a feedback process, and can recall the information back to neocortical areas, again a feedback (to neocortex) recall process. Emotion can enter this memory system from the orbitofrontal cortex etc., and be recalled back to the orbitofrontal cortex etc. during memory recall, but the emotional and hippocampal networks or 'limbic systems' operate by different computational principles, and operate independently of each other except insofar as an emotional state or reward value attribute may be part of an episodic memory.
（单一）边缘系统的概念已被证明过时。相反，文中描述了解剖学、神经生理学、功能性神经影像学和神经心理学证据，表明前边缘及相关结构，包括眶额皮质和杏仁核，参与情绪、奖赏评估和奖赏相关决策（但不涉及记忆），价值表征会传递至前扣带回皮质以进行行动结果学习。在这个“情绪边缘系统”中，一个计算原则是前馈模式关联网络从视觉、嗅觉和听觉刺激中学习与诸如味觉、触觉和疼痛等初级强化物的关联。在包括人类在内的灵长类动物中，这种学习可以非常快速且基于规则，在对社会和情绪行为很重要的这种学习中，眶额皮质比杏仁核更具主导性。文中还描述了补充证据，表明海马体及其连接的边缘结构，包括后扣带回皮质和穹窿 - 乳头体 - 前丘脑 - 后扣带回回路，参与情景或事件记忆，但不涉及情绪。这个“海马体系统”从新皮质区域接收有关空间位置和物体的信息，并能通过海马体CA3区域涉及反馈的自联想这一不同计算原则，迅速将这些信息关联起来。该系统随后可以从任何一个组成部分在CA3区域回忆起所有这些信息，这是一个反馈过程，并且可以将信息回忆回新皮质区域，同样也是一个（向新皮质的）反馈回忆过程。情绪可以从眶额皮质等进入这个记忆系统，并在记忆回忆期间被回忆回眶额皮质等，但情绪和海马体网络或“边缘系统”通过不同的计算原则运作，并且除了情绪状态或奖赏价值属性可能是情景记忆的一部分外，它们彼此独立运作。
