Jayawardene Wasantha Parakrama, YoussefAgha Ahmed Hassan
From the Department of Applied Health Science (WPJ) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (AHY), School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
J Addict Med. 2014 Mar-Apr;8(2):102-10. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000012.
This study aimed to identify the sequential patterns of drug use initiation, which included prescription drugs misuse (PDM), among 12th-grade students in Indiana. The study also tested the suitability of the data mining method Market Basket Analysis (MBA) to detect common drug use initiation sequences in large-scale surveys.
Data from 2007 to 2009 Annual Surveys of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use by Indiana Children and Adolescents were used for this study. A close-ended, self-administered questionnaire was used to ask adolescents about the use of 21 substance categories and the age of first use. "Support%" and "confidence%" statistics of Market Basket Analysis detected multiple and substitute addictions, respectively.
The lifetime prevalence of using any addictive substance was 73.3%, and it has been decreasing during past few years. Although the lifetime prevalence of PDM was 19.2%, it has been increasing. Males and whites were more likely to use drugs and engage in multiple addictions. Market Basket Analysis identified common drug use initiation sequences that involved 11 drugs. High levels of support existed for associations among alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana, whereas associations that included prescription drugs had medium levels of support.
Market Basket Analysis is useful for the detection of common substance use initiation sequences in large-scale surveys. Before initiation of prescription drugs, physicians should consider the adolescents' risk of addiction. Prevention programs should address multiple addictions, substitute addictions, common sequences in drug use initiation, sex and racial differences in PDM, and normative beliefs of parents and adolescents in relation to PDM.
本研究旨在确定印第安纳州12年级学生药物使用起始的顺序模式，其中包括处方药滥用（PDM）。该研究还测试了数据挖掘方法市场篮子分析（MBA）在大规模调查中检测常见药物使用起始顺序的适用性。
本研究使用了2007年至2009年印第安纳州儿童和青少年酒精、烟草及其他药物使用年度调查的数据。采用封闭式自填问卷询问青少年21种物质类别的使用情况及首次使用年龄。市场篮子分析的“支持率”和“置信率”统计分别检测多种成瘾和替代成瘾情况。
使用任何成瘾性物质的终生患病率为73.3%，且在过去几年中呈下降趋势。尽管PDM的终生患病率为19.2%，但呈上升趋势。男性和白人更有可能使用药物并存在多种成瘾情况。市场篮子分析确定了涉及11种药物的常见药物使用起始顺序。酒精、香烟和大麻之间的关联支持率较高，而包括处方药在内的关联支持率中等。
市场篮子分析有助于在大规模调查中检测常见物质使用起始顺序。在开始使用处方药之前，医生应考虑青少年的成瘾风险。预防项目应关注多种成瘾、替代成瘾、药物使用起始的常见顺序、PDM中的性别和种族差异以及父母和青少年对PDM的规范性观念。
