Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Apr;21(8):5737-46. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2524-5. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
Anthropogenic-induced water quality pollution is a major environmental problem in freshwater ecosystems today. As a result of this, eutrophication of lakes occurs. Population and economic development are key drivers of water resource pollution. To evaluate how growth in the riparian population and in the gross domestic product (GDP) with unplanned development affects the water quality of the lake, this paper evaluates Lake Victoria Kenyan waters basin. Waters quality data between 1990 and 2012 were analyzed along with reviews of published literature, papers, and reports. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), soluble phosphorus (PO4-P), chlorophyll a, and Secchi transparencies were evaluated as they are key water quality indicators. The NO3-N increased from 10 μg l(-1) in 1990 to 98 μg 1(-1) in 2008, while PO4-P increased from 4 μg l(-1) in 1990 to 57 μg l(-1) in 2008. The population and economic growth of Kenya are increasing with both having minimums in 1990 of 24.143 million people and 12.18 billion US dollars, to maximums in 2010 of 39.742 million people and 32.163 billion US dollars, respectively. A Secchi transparency is reducing with time, indicating an increasing pollution. This was confirmed by an increase in aquatic vegetation using an analysis of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) images of 2000 and 2012 of Kenyan waters. This study found that increasing population and GDP increases pollution discharge thus polluting lakes. One of major factors causing lake water pollution is the unplanned or poor waste management policy and service.
人为引起的水质污染是当今淡水生态系统的一个主要环境问题。因此，湖泊富营养化发生了。人口和经济发展是水资源污染的主要驱动因素。为了评估人口增长和国内生产总值（GDP）的增长以及无规划发展对湖泊水质的影响，本文评估了维多利亚湖肯尼亚水域流域。分析了 1990 年至 2012 年的水质数据，并回顾了已发表的文献、论文和报告。评估了硝酸盐氮（NO3-N）、可溶性磷（PO4-P）、叶绿素 a 和塞奇透明度，因为它们是关键的水质指标。NO3-N 从 1990 年的 10μg l(-1)增加到 2008 年的 98μg 1(-1)，而 PO4-P 从 1990 年的 4μg l(-1)增加到 2008 年的 57μg l(-1)。肯尼亚的人口和经济增长呈上升趋势，1990 年人口和 GDP 分别达到 2414.3 万人和 121.8 亿美元的最低点，2010 年分别达到 3974.2 万人和 321.63 亿美元的最高点。随着时间的推移，塞奇透明度在降低，表明污染在增加。这一点通过对肯尼亚水域 2000 年和 2012 年中等分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）图像的分析得到了证实，分析显示水生植被有所增加。这项研究发现，人口和 GDP 的增长增加了污染排放，从而污染了湖泊。导致湖泊水污染的一个主要因素是无规划或不良的废物管理政策和服务。
