The University of Queensland, Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), Australia.
The University of Queensland, Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), Australia; The University of Queensland, Australian Centre for Economic Research on Health (ACERH), School of Economics and UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2014 Jan;100:115-22. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.031. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
It is well acknowledged that the intensity of caregiving affects the labour force participation of caregivers. The literature so far has not, however, been able to control effectively for the endogeneity of caregiving intensity. This paper contributes by dealing with the endogeneity of unpaid caregiving intensity when examining its impact on the labour force participation of caregivers. We distinguish between care provided to people who cohabit with the care recipient and care provided to recipients who reside elsewhere, as well as between primary and secondary caring roles. We address the endogeneity of selection in various care intensity roles via an instrumental variables approach, using the health status of potential care recipients as instruments. Data from wave 8 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey which was undertaken in 2008 are used. We focus on a sample of 7845 working age males and females. Ruling out the endogeneity of any caregiving intensity role, we find that caregiving has a significant deterrent effect on caregivers' employment. This deterrent effect however is concentrated among those who identify as the main caregiver and the result appears to be the same irrespective of gender. Providing care as the main caregiver reduces the probability of employment by approximately 12 percentage points for both males and females, regardless of whether or not the caregivers cohabit with the care recipients. By contrast, we find no statistically significant impact of providing care as a secondary caregiver on the employment probabilities of either males or females. These results are germane to the development of policies that may affect informal caregiving and, thereby, the labour force decisions of carers.
众所周知，照顾强度会影响照顾者的劳动力参与率。然而，迄今为止，文献还未能有效地控制照顾强度的内生性。本文通过处理无酬照顾强度的内生性来检验其对照顾者劳动力参与率的影响，从而做出了贡献。我们区分了为与照顾接受者共同居住的人提供的照顾和为居住在其他地方的接受者提供的照顾，以及主要照顾者和次要照顾者的角色。我们通过使用潜在照顾接受者的健康状况作为工具变量的方法，解决了各种照顾强度角色中选择的内生性问题。我们使用了 2008 年进行的澳大利亚家庭收入和劳动力动态调查第 8 波的数据。我们关注的是一个由 7845 名工作年龄的男性和女性组成的样本。排除任何照顾强度角色的内生性，我们发现照顾对照顾者的就业有显著的阻碍作用。然而，这种阻碍作用主要集中在那些认为自己是主要照顾者的人身上，而且无论性别如何，结果似乎都是一样的。作为主要照顾者提供照顾会使男性和女性的就业概率降低约 12 个百分点，无论他们是否与照顾接受者共同居住。相比之下，我们发现作为次要照顾者提供照顾对男性或女性的就业概率都没有统计学上的显著影响。这些结果与可能影响非正式照顾和照顾者劳动力决策的政策的制定有关。
