a School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
Biofouling. 2014;30(3):259-70. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.866653. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
Globally, ascidians are a significant contributor to benthic marine fouling communities, but have remained poorly studied in this context. In some cases, such as in shellfish and finfish aquaculture, ascidians are the most problematic of all fouling organisms. The disproportionate impact of ascidian fouling in some specific geographic locations has been related directly to anthropogenic translocation of these organisms around the globe. In the case of ascidians, therefore, the economic issue of biofouling and the ecological ramifications of invasion are inextricably linked. This mini-review briefly discusses the introduction of non-native ascidians to areas where they have subsequently proven to be a significant fouling pest. The elements of ascidian reproductive ecology that support their aggressive fouling character are discussed and the scant information pertaining to their adhesion and adhesives is presented. Finally, strategies for mitigating ascidian fouling are examined. It is suggested that sufficient working knowledge currently exists to support the inclusion of one or more common ascidian species as 'standard' test organisms used for evaluation of novel fouling-resistant surfaces.
全球范围内，海鞘是底栖海洋污损生物群落的重要贡献者，但在这方面的研究仍然很少。在某些情况下，如海产贝类和海水养殖鱼类，海鞘是所有污损生物中最成问题的一种。在一些特定的地理位置，海鞘污损的不成比例的影响直接与这些生物在全球范围内的人为转移有关。因此，在海鞘的情况下，生物污损的经济问题和入侵的生态后果是密不可分的。本综述简要讨论了非本地海鞘被引入到后来被证明是严重污损害虫的地区的情况。讨论了支持海鞘侵袭性污损特征的海鞘生殖生态学要素，并介绍了有关其附着和粘合剂的稀缺信息。最后，考察了减轻海鞘污损的策略。有人认为，目前已经有足够的工作知识支持将一种或多种常见的海鞘物种作为“标准”测试生物纳入，用于评估新的抗污损表面。
