Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia.
Biofouling. 2012;28(7):649-69. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2012.700478.
Biofouling in marine aquaculture is a specific problem where both the target culture species and/or infrastructure are exposed to a diverse array of fouling organisms, with significant production impacts. In shellfish aquaculture the key impact is the direct fouling of stock causing physical damage, mechanical interference, biological competition and environmental modification, while infrastructure is also impacted. In contrast, the key impact in finfish aquaculture is the fouling of infrastructure which restricts water exchange, increases disease risk and causes deformation of cages and structures. Consequently, the economic costs associated with biofouling control are substantial. Conservative estimates are consistently between 5-10% of production costs (equivalent to US$ 1.5 to 3 billion yr(-1)), illustrating the need for effective mitigation methods and technologies. The control of biofouling in aquaculture is achieved through the avoidance of natural recruitment, physical removal and the use of antifoulants. However, the continued rise and expansion of the aquaculture industry and the increasingly stringent legislation for biocides in food production necessitates the development of innovative antifouling strategies. These must meet environmental, societal, and economic benchmarks while effectively preventing the settlement and growth of resilient multi-species consortia of biofouling organisms.
海洋水产养殖中的生物污损是一个特定的问题，目标养殖物种和/或基础设施都暴露于各种污损生物中，这会对生产造成重大影响。在贝类养殖中，主要的影响是直接污损养殖物，造成物理损伤、机械干扰、生物竞争和环境改变，同时基础设施也会受到影响。相比之下，在鱼类养殖中，主要的影响是基础设施的污损，这会限制水交换、增加疾病风险，并导致网箱和结构变形。因此，与生物污损控制相关的经济成本是相当大的。保守估计一直介于生产成本的 5-10%（相当于每年 15 亿至 30 亿美元），这说明了需要有效的缓解方法和技术。水产养殖中生物污损的控制是通过避免自然繁殖、物理去除和使用防污剂来实现的。然而，水产养殖业的持续增长和扩张，以及食品生产中对生物杀灭剂日益严格的法规，都需要开发创新的防污策略。这些策略必须满足环境、社会和经济基准，同时有效地防止具有弹性的多物种生物污损生物群落的定居和生长。
