Well-Being and Personal Growth in Mothers of Full-Term and Pre-Term Singletons and Twins.

The present study examined well-being and personal growth in mothers (n = 414) 1 year after childbirth. We examined the contribution of the event characteristics (birth of singletons or twins, full- or pre-term babies, first or non-first child, spontaneous pregnancy or fertility treatments and infant temperament), internal resources (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and external resources (marital quality and maternal grandmother's support). Regressions indicated that having a first child, child's easier temperament, lower attachment anxiety and avoidance, grandmother's emotional support and some aspects of the spousal relationships contributed to well-being. Personal growth was found to be related to the birth of a pre-term baby or babies, positively associated with maternal grandmother's support, and the marital quality of parenthood, and negatively with mothers' education. Beyond the findings that well-being and personal growth are related to the availability of certain resources, the current study demonstrates that the two outcomes are separate phenomena that reveal different patterns of associations with other variables. Several explanations for the findings are proposed, and practical implications are discussed.