Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3222 (USA).
ChemSusChem. 2014 Feb;7(2):361-78. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201300823. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
As a new generation of power sources, fuel cells have shown great promise for application in transportation. However, the expensive catalyst materials, especially the cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), severely limit the widespread commercialization of fuel cells. Therefore, this review article focuses on platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for ORR with better catalytic performance and lower cost. Major breakthroughs in the improvement of activity and durability of electrocatalysts are discussed. Specifically, on one hand, the enhanced activity of Pt has been achieved through crystallographic control, ligand effect, or geometric effect; on the other hand, improved durability of Pt-based cathode catalysts has been realized by means of the incorporation of another noble metal or the morphological control of nanostructures. Furthermore, based on these improvement mechanisms, rationally designed Pt-based nanoparticles are summarized in terms of different synthetic strategies such as wet-chemical synthesis, Pt-skin catalysts, electrochemically dealloyed nanomaterials, and Pt-monolayer deposition. These nanoparticulate electrocatalysts show greatly enhanced catalytic performance towards ORR, aiming not only to outperform the commercial Pt/C, but also to exceed the US Department of Energy 2015 technical target ($30/kW and 5000 h).
作为新一代的能源，燃料电池在交通运输中的应用前景广阔。然而，昂贵的催化剂材料，尤其是用于氧还原反应（ORR）的阴极催化剂，严重限制了燃料电池的广泛商业化。因此，本文重点介绍了具有更好催化性能和更低成本的基于铂（Pt）的 ORR 电催化剂。讨论了提高电催化剂活性和耐久性的主要突破。具体来说，一方面，通过控制晶体结构、配体效应或几何效应，提高了 Pt 的活性；另一方面，通过掺入另一种贵金属或控制纳米结构的形态，提高了基于 Pt 的阴极催化剂的耐久性。此外，基于这些改进机制，根据不同的合成策略，如湿化学合成、Pt 皮催化剂、电化学脱合金纳米材料和 Pt 单层沉积，对合理设计的基于 Pt 的纳米颗粒进行了总结。这些纳米颗粒电催化剂对 ORR 表现出了极大的增强催化性能，不仅旨在超越商业 Pt/C，而且还超过了美国能源部 2015 年的技术目标（$30/kW 和 5000 h）。
