School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jan 21;15(1):1441-65. doi: 10.3390/ijms15011441.
Photosensitivity in animals is defined as a severe dermatitis that results from a heightened reactivity of skin cells and associated dermal tissues upon their exposure to sunlight, following ingestion or contact with UV reactive secondary plant products. Photosensitivity occurs in animal cells as a reaction that is mediated by a light absorbing molecule, specifically in this case a plant-produced metabolite that is heterocyclic or polyphenolic. In sensitive animals, this reaction is most severe in non-pigmented skin which has the least protection from UV or visible light exposure. Photosensitization in a biological system such as the epidermis is an oxidative or other chemical change in a molecule in response to light-induced excitation of endogenous or exogenously-delivered molecules within the tissue. Photo-oxidation can also occur in the plant itself, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, free radical damage and eventual DNA degradation. Similar cellular changes occur in affected herbivores and are associated with an accumulation of photodynamic molecules in the affected dermal tissues or circulatory system of the herbivore. Recent advances in our ability to identify and detect secondary products at trace levels in the plant and surrounding environment, or in organisms that ingest plants, have provided additional evidence for the role of secondary metabolites in photosensitization of grazing herbivores. This review outlines the role of unique secondary products produced by higher plants in the animal photosensitization process, describes their chemistry and localization in the plant as well as impacts of the environment upon their production, discusses their direct and indirect effects on associated animal systems and presents several examples of well-characterized plant photosensitization in animal systems.
动物的光过敏反应是指动物在摄入或接触到具有紫外线反应性的次生植物产物后，由于皮肤细胞和相关真皮组织的反应性增强，在暴露于阳光时会引发严重的皮炎。光过敏反应发生在动物细胞中，是由光吸收分子介导的反应，在这种情况下，具体是由植物产生的代谢物介导的，这种代谢物是杂环或多酚类物质。在敏感动物中，这种反应在非色素沉着的皮肤中最为严重，因为非色素沉着的皮肤对紫外线或可见光的暴露几乎没有保护。在表皮等生物系统中，光致敏作用是分子对光诱导的组织内内源性或外源性分子激发的光吸收分子的氧化或其他化学变化。光氧化也会在植物本身发生，导致活性氧物种、自由基损伤和最终的 DNA 降解的产生。受影响的食草动物也会发生类似的细胞变化，并与在受影响的真皮组织或食草动物的循环系统中积累的光动力分子有关。我们在识别和检测植物及其周围环境中的痕量次生产物或摄入植物的生物体中的次生产物的能力方面取得的最新进展，为次生代谢物在食草动物光过敏反应中的作用提供了更多证据。本文综述了高等植物产生的独特次生产物在动物光过敏反应过程中的作用，描述了它们在植物中的化学性质和定位，以及环境对其产生的影响，讨论了它们对相关动物系统的直接和间接影响，并介绍了几个在动物系统中植物光过敏反应的特征明显的实例。
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