Romanov R A
Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2013 Jul-Sep;44(3):3-15.
Taste Bud cells are heterogeneous in their morphology and functionality. These cells are responsible for sensing a wide variety of substances and for associating detected compounds with a different taste: bitter, sweet, salty, sour and umami. Today we know that each of the five basic tastes corresponds to distinct cell populations organized into three basic morpho-functional cell types. In addition, some receptor cells of the taste bud demonstrate glia-related functions. In this article we expand on some properties of these three morphological receptor cell types. Main focus is devoted to the Type II cells and unusual mechanism for afferent neurotransmission in these cells. Taste cells of the Type II consist of three populations detecting bitter, sweet and umami tastes, and, thus, evoke a serious scientific interest.
味蕾细胞在形态和功能上具有异质性。这些细胞负责感知多种物质，并将检测到的化合物与不同的味道联系起来：苦、甜、咸、酸和鲜味。如今我们知道，五种基本味道中的每一种都对应着组织成三种基本形态功能细胞类型的不同细胞群体。此外，味蕾的一些受体细胞表现出与神经胶质细胞相关的功能。在本文中，我们阐述了这三种形态学受体细胞类型的一些特性。主要关注点是II型细胞以及这些细胞中传入神经传递的不同寻常机制。II型味觉细胞由检测苦味、甜味和鲜味的三种细胞群体组成，因此引起了科学界的浓厚兴趣。
