Konstantinidis I
Smell and Taste Clinic, 2nd Academic ORL Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
B-ENT. 2009;5 Suppl 13:115-21.
The taste system provides basic information essential to life since it identifies safe or harmful food. It is a complex sensory system with multiple different processes, starting mainly in the oral cavity where the tongue has a predominant role. The organisation of taste receptor cells, taste buds and taste papillae is presented in this review along with information regarding the five taste sensations: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Taste signalling and the mechanisms of processing at the peripheral level will also be discussed. Retronasal olfaction plays a major role in what people consider to be flavour and therefore its mechanisms and interactions are discussed as a part of the peripheral taste system. Taste disturbances often lead to malnutrition, which is a potential life-threatening condition. Improving our understanding of the taste peripheral system will help in the management of patients with taste dysfunction and reduced dietary intake.
味觉系统提供了对生命至关重要的基本信息，因为它能识别安全或有害的食物。它是一个复杂的感觉系统，有多个不同的过程，主要始于口腔，其中舌头起着主要作用。本文综述了味觉受体细胞、味蕾和味乳头的组织结构，以及有关五种味觉的信息：甜、酸、咸、苦和鲜味。还将讨论味觉信号传导和外周水平的处理机制。鼻后嗅觉在人们所认为的风味中起主要作用，因此其机制和相互作用作为外周味觉系统的一部分进行讨论。味觉障碍常导致营养不良，这是一种潜在的危及生命的状况。增进我们对味觉外周系统的了解将有助于管理味觉功能障碍和饮食摄入量减少的患者。
