VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2014 Feb;27(1):90-7. doi: 10.1002/jts.21885. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
Multiple deployments are common among military personnel who served in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom and are associated with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Homefront stressors (i.e., family, occupational problems) resulting from deployments may increase the risk of PTSS. Moreover, with multiple deployments, a new deployment may occur while still experiencing homefront stressors from previous tours. This prospective study assessed whether homefront stressors from a previous tour increased the risk of PTSS after a new deployment. It also examined the effects of homefront stressors at postdeployment. Survey data were obtained from U.S. National Guard soldiers with previous deployments prior to (Wave 1) and after (Wave 2) a new deployment to Iraq (N = 196). Homefront stressors reported at Wave 1 (β = .154, p = .015) and Wave 2 (β = .214, p = .002) were both significantly predictive of PTSS at postdeployment, even after adjusting for warzone stressors, predeployment PTSS, and other variables. A pattern of chronic homefront stressors (i.e., homefront stressors at pre- and postdeployment) was associated with higher levels of PTSS at postdeployment (β = .220, p = .002). Service members with multiple deployments are at greater risk for PTSS if deployed with homefront stressors from previous tours and/or face these stressors at postdeployment.
许多曾参与“持久自由行动”和“伊拉克自由行动”的军人都经历过多次部署，这与创伤后应激症状（PTSS）增多有关。部署带来的“前方”（家庭、职业）压力源可能会增加患 PTSS 的风险。此外，由于多次部署，可能会在前一次部署的“前方”压力源仍在经历时就出现新的部署。这项前瞻性研究评估了前一次部署的“前方”压力源是否会增加新部署后患 PTSS 的风险。它还检查了部署后“前方”压力源的影响。该调查数据来自于美国国民警卫队曾部署到伊拉克的士兵，他们在新的部署之前（第 1 波）和之后（第 2 波）都填写了问卷（N = 196）。第 1 波（β =.154，p =.015）和第 2 波（β =.214，p =.002）报告的“前方”压力源均与部署后 PTSD 显著相关，即使在调整了战区压力源、部署前 PTSD 和其他变量后也是如此。“前方”压力源的慢性模式（即部署前和部署后的“前方”压力源）与部署后 PTSD 水平较高相关（β =.220，p =.002）。如果部署时带有前一次部署的“前方”压力源，或者在部署后面临这些压力源，那么多次部署的军人患 PTSD 的风险更高。
