Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2014 Mar;38(2):213-27. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12064. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
The actin cytoskeleton is a complex network of dynamic polymers, which plays an important role in various fundamental cellular processes, including maintenance of cell shape, polarity, cell division, cell migration, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, and mechanosensation. Precise spatiotemporal assembly and disassembly of actin structures is regulated by the coordinated activity of about 100 highly conserved accessory proteins, which nucleate, elongate, cross-link, and sever actin filaments. Both in vivo studies in a wide range of organisms from yeast to metazoans and in vitro studies of purified proteins have helped shape the current understanding of actin dynamics and function. Molecular genetics, genome-wide functional analysis, sophisticated real-time imaging, and ultrastructural studies in concert with biochemical analysis have made yeast an attractive model to understand the actin cytoskeleton, its molecular dynamics, and physiological function. Studies of the yeast actin cytoskeleton have contributed substantially in defining the universal mechanism regulating actin assembly and disassembly in eukaryotes. Here, we review some of the important insights generated by the study of actin cytoskeleton in two important yeast models the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
肌动蛋白细胞骨架是一个动态聚合物的复杂网络，它在各种基本的细胞过程中起着重要作用，包括维持细胞形状、极性、细胞分裂、细胞迁移、胞吞作用、囊泡运输和机械感觉。肌动蛋白结构的精确时空组装和拆卸由大约 100 种高度保守的辅助蛋白的协调活动来调节，这些蛋白可以成核、延长、交联和切断肌动蛋白丝。从酵母到后生动物的广泛生物体内的活体研究和纯化蛋白的体外研究都有助于形成对肌动蛋白动力学和功能的当前理解。分子遗传学、全基因组功能分析、复杂的实时成像以及与生化分析相结合的超微结构研究，使酵母成为理解肌动蛋白细胞骨架、其分子动力学和生理功能的有吸引力的模型。酵母肌动蛋白细胞骨架的研究为定义调节真核生物肌动蛋白组装和拆卸的普遍机制做出了重要贡献。在这里，我们回顾了在两个重要的酵母模型——出芽酵母酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母裂殖酵母中研究肌动蛋白细胞骨架所产生的一些重要见解。
