Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Presidente Figueiredo, Av, Onça Pintada, 1308, Galo da Serra, Presidente Figueiredo AM, CEP 69735-000, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2014 Jan 27;10:8. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-10-8.
Consumption of turtles by natives and settlers in the Amazon and Orinoco has been widely studied in scientific communities. Accepted cultural customs and the local dietary and monetary needs need to be taken into account in conservation programs, and when implementing federal laws related to consumption and fishing methods. This study was conducted around the Purus River, a region known for the consumption and illegal trade of turtles. The objective of this study was to quantify the illegal turtle trade in Tapauá and to understand its effect on the local economy.
This study was conducted in the municipality of Tapauá in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. To estimate turtle consumption, interviews were conducted over 2 consecutive years (2006 and 2007) in urban areas and isolated communities. The experimental design was randomized with respect to type of household. To study the turtle fishery and trade chain, we used snowball sampling methodology.
During our study period, 100% of respondents reported consuming at least three species of turtles (Podocnemis spp.). Our estimates indicate that about 34 tons of animals are consumed annually in Tapauá along the margins of a major fishing river in the Amazon. At least five components related to the chain of commercialization of turtles on the Purus River are identified: Indigenous Apurinã and (2) residents of bordering villages (communities); (3) of local smugglers buy and sell turtles to the community in exchange for manufactured goods, and (4) regional smugglers buy in Tapauá, Lábrea, and Beruri to sell in Manaus and Manacapuru; Finally, (5) there are professional fishermen.
We quantify the full impact of turtle consumption and advocate the conservation of the region's turtle populations. The Brazilian government should initiate a new turtle consumption management program which involves the opinions of consumers. With these measures the conservation of freshwater turtles in the Brazilian Amazon, is possible.
在亚马逊和奥里诺科地区，土生土长的人和定居者食用海龟的现象在科学界已经得到广泛研究。在保护项目中，需要考虑到被接受的文化习俗以及当地的饮食和货币需求，并在执行与消费和捕鱼方法相关的联邦法律时考虑到这些因素。本研究围绕普鲁斯河展开，该地区以食用和非法交易海龟而闻名。本研究的目的是量化塔帕乌阿的非法海龟贸易，并了解其对当地经济的影响。
本研究在巴西亚马孙州的塔帕乌阿市进行。为了估计海龟的消费情况，我们在 2006 年和 2007 年连续两年对城市地区和偏远社区进行了访谈。实验设计是随机的，涉及到不同类型的家庭。为了研究海龟渔业和贸易链，我们使用了雪球抽样方法。
在我们的研究期间，100%的受访者报告至少食用了三种海龟（巨龟属）。我们的估计表明，每年在塔帕乌阿，沿亚马逊主要捕鱼河流的边缘地区，大约有 34 吨动物被消费。在普鲁斯河的商业化链条上，至少确定了五个相关环节：（1）土著阿普里纳；（2）毗邻村庄的居民；（3）当地走私者购买并将海龟出售给社区，以换取制成品；（4）地区走私者在塔帕乌阿、拉布雷亚和贝鲁里购买，然后在马瑙斯和马纳卡普鲁出售；最后，（5）有专业渔民。
我们量化了海龟消费的全部影响，并主张保护该地区的海龟种群。巴西政府应启动一项新的海龟消费管理计划，该计划应考虑到消费者的意见。通过这些措施，有可能保护巴西亚马逊地区的淡水龟。
