Free-living bodonids and derived parasitic trypanosomatids: but what lies in between?

Inclusion of suitable out-group taxa has been of particular importance in accurate reconstruction of evolutionary relationships among trypanosomatids. However, the persistence of researchers focusing on insect trypansomatids appears to have paid off, and a novel, apparently-monoxenous parasite isolated from mosquitoes has recently been characterised. Critically, phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses robustly position this new species, Paratrypanosoma confusum, between free-living bodonid out-group taxa and other trypanosomatids, thereby overcoming some of the issues associated with previously utilised out-groups.