TcMyoF 的功能特征表明,一类细胞口-细胞咽靶向肌球蛋白作为参与克氏锥虫内吞机制的组成部分。
The Functional Characterization of TcMyoF Implicates a Family of Cytostome-Cytopharynx Targeted Myosins as Integral to the Endocytic Machinery of Trypanosoma cruzi.
机构信息
Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
出版信息
mSphere. 2020 Jun 17;5(3):e00313-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00313-20.
Of the pathogenic trypanosomatids, alone retains an ancient feeding apparatus known as the cytotome-cytoharynx omplex (SPC) that it uses as its primary mode of endocytosis in a manner akin to its free-living kinetoplastid relatives who capture and eat bacterial prey via this endocytic organelle. In a recent report, we began the process of dissecting how this organelle functions by identifying the first SPC-specific proteins in Here, we continued these studies and report on the identification of the first enzymatic component of the SPC, a previously identified orphan myosin motor (MyoF) specifically targeted to the SPC. We overexpressed MyoF as a dominant-negative mutant, resulting in parasites that, although viable, were completely deficient in measurable endocytosis To our surprise, however, a full deletion of MyoF demonstrated only a decrease in the overall rate of endocytosis, potentially indicative of redundant myosin motors at work. Thereupon, we identified three additional orphan myosin motors, two of which (MyoB and MyoE) were targeted to the preoral ridge region adjacent to the cytostome entrance and another (MyoC) which was targeted to the cytopharynx tubular structure similar to that of MyoF. Additionally, we show that the C-terminal tails of each myosin are sufficient for targeting a fluorescent reporter to SPC subregions. This work highlights a potential mechanism used by the SPC to drive the inward flow of material for digestion and unveils a new level of overlapping complexity in this system with four distinct myosin isoforms targeted to this feeding structure. The parasite is the etiological agent of Chagas disease and chronically infects upwards of 7 million people in the Americas. Current diagnostics and treatments remain grossly inadequate due, in part, to our general lack of understanding of this parasite's basic biology. One aspect that has resisted detailed scrutiny is the mechanism employed by this parasite to extract nutrient resources from the radically different environments that it encounters as it transitions between its invertebrate and mammalian hosts. These parasites engulf food via a tubular invagination of its membrane, a strategy used by many protozoan species, but how this structure is formed or functions mechanistically remains a complete mystery. The significance of our research is in the identification of the mechanistic underpinnings of this feeding organelle that may bring to light new potential therapeutic targets to impede parasite feeding and thus halt the spread of this deadly human pathogen.
在致病的锥体虫中, 是唯一保留着一种古老的进食器官,称为细胞分裂器-细胞咽喉复合体(SPC),它以类似于自由生活的动基体目亲戚的方式将其作为主要的内吞作用模式,通过这个内吞细胞器捕获和吞噬细菌猎物。在最近的一份报告中,我们开始通过鉴定 SPC 中的第一个 SPC 特异性蛋白来剖析这个细胞器的功能。在这里,我们继续进行这些研究,并报告了 SPC 的第一个酶成分的鉴定,这是一种先前鉴定的孤儿肌球蛋白马达(MyoF),专门针对 SPC。我们过表达了 MyoF 作为显性负突变体,导致寄生虫虽然存活,但完全缺乏可测量的内吞作用。然而,令我们惊讶的是,MyoF 的完全缺失仅显示出整体内吞作用速率的降低,这可能表明工作中的冗余肌球蛋白马达。于是,我们鉴定了另外三个孤儿肌球蛋白马达,其中两个(MyoB 和 MyoE)被靶向到靠近胞口入口的前口嵴区域,另一个(MyoC)被靶向到类似于 MyoF 的胞咽管状结构。此外,我们表明每个肌球蛋白的 C 端尾部足以将荧光报告蛋白靶向到 SPC 的亚区域。这项工作突出了 SPC 用于驱动消化物质向内流动的潜在机制,并揭示了这个系统中存在的新的重叠复杂性,有四个不同的肌球蛋白同工型被靶向到这个进食结构。寄生虫 是恰加斯病的病原体,在美洲慢性感染了超过 700 万人。目前的诊断和治疗仍然严重不足,部分原因是我们对这种寄生虫的基本生物学缺乏了解。一个一直抵制详细审查的方面是,这种寄生虫从它在无脊椎动物和哺乳动物宿主之间转换时遇到的截然不同的环境中提取营养资源所采用的机制。这些寄生虫通过细胞膜的管状内陷来吞噬食物,这是许多原生动物物种所采用的策略,但这个结构是如何形成的或在机械上如何发挥作用仍然是一个完全的谜。我们的研究意义在于鉴定这个进食细胞器的机械基础,这可能揭示新的潜在治疗靶点,以阻碍寄生虫的进食,从而阻止这种致命的人类病原体的传播。