Ağralı Hatice, Akyar Imatullah
Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Turkey.
J Clin Nurs. 2014 Nov;23(21-22):3077-86. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12540. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
To determine older diabetic patients' attitudes and beliefs about illness and health.
Prevention of metabolic complications and treatment for cardiovascular risk factors are the main aims of the care and treatment of older diabetic patients. For the effective management of diabetes, it is crucial to recognise patients' beliefs and attitudes about and behaviours towards their health and illness.
A descriptive study.
The sample included 70 diabetic patients aged 65 and older. Data were collected using a socio-demographic form and the Health Belief Model Scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test, t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Welch variance analysis and Spearman correlation.
Results showed that older diabetic patients' attitudes about illness and health were negative. Among individuals aged 65-70 years with more than secondary education and previous employment, mean perceived severity scores were found to be significantly higher than in other groups. The mean perceived barriers scores were found to be higher than in other groups, and this difference was statistically significant for older participants who declared a good economic status, who exhibited good/very good adherence to nutritional therapy and who were exercising and checking their blood sugar regularly. The perceived benefits and recommended activities scores of patients needing more education were significantly higher.
Patients who were female, aged 70 and older, and of low educational and economic statuses; who showed poor adherence to treatment and medical nutrition therapy; and who needed diabetes-related training had negative health beliefs and were particularly at risk.
Determining the personal factors that influence health behaviours can support the development of educational activities for diabetes management, complication prevention and treatment adherence improvement.
确定老年糖尿病患者对疾病和健康的态度与信念。
预防代谢并发症以及治疗心血管危险因素是老年糖尿病患者护理与治疗的主要目标。为有效管理糖尿病，认识患者对自身健康和疾病的信念、态度及行为至关重要。
一项描述性研究。
样本包括70名65岁及以上的糖尿病患者。使用社会人口学表格和健康信念模型量表收集数据。采用描述性统计、曼-惠特尼U检验、t检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验、韦尔奇方差分析和斯皮尔曼相关性分析数据。
结果显示老年糖尿病患者对疾病和健康的态度消极。在65 - 70岁、受过高中以上教育且曾有工作经历的人群中，平均感知严重程度得分显著高于其他群体。平均感知障碍得分高于其他群体，对于宣称经济状况良好、对营养治疗依从性良好/非常良好、定期锻炼并检测血糖的老年参与者，这种差异具有统计学意义。需要更多教育的患者其感知益处和推荐活动得分显著更高。
女性、70岁及以上、教育和经济地位较低、治疗及医学营养治疗依从性差且需要糖尿病相关培训的患者健康信念消极，尤其面临风险。
确定影响健康行为的个人因素有助于开展糖尿病管理、并发症预防及提高治疗依从性的教育活动。
