两种蜗牛科蜗牛的壳色与寄生虫耐受性

Shell colouration and parasite tolerance in two helicoid snail species.

作者信息

Scheil Alexandra E, Hilsmann Stefanie, Triebskorn Rita, Köhler Heinz-R

机构信息

Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 20, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.

出版信息

J Invertebr Pathol. 2014 Mar;117:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 27.

DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2014.01.003

PMID:24480673

Abstract

The polymorphism of shell colouration in helicoid snails is a well-known phenomenon attributed to different factors such as predation and climatic effects. Another aspect contributing to this polymorphism could be the interplay of melanin production and phenoloxidase-related immunity. Therefore, in this study we aimed at answering the questions whether there is a differential sensitivity of different snail shell colour morphs to nematode infection, and whether this can be related to differences in phenoloxidase (PO) activity levels using the two helicoid, polymorphic snail species Cepaea hortensis and Cernuella virgata. Snails of both species were artificially infected with the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, and analysed for mortality and PO activity levels. We found C. virgata to be more severely affected by P. hermaphrodita infection than C. hortensis, and the dark C. virgata morphs to be more resistant to lethal effects of this infection than pale morphs. However, these differences in sensitivity to the parasite could not clearly be related to different PO activity levels.

摘要

螺旋蜗牛壳颜色的多态性是一个众所周知的现象，这归因于诸如捕食和气候影响等不同因素。导致这种多态性的另一个方面可能是黑色素生成与酚氧化酶相关免疫之间的相互作用。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在回答以下问题：不同蜗牛壳颜色形态对线虫感染是否存在差异敏感性，以及这是否与使用两种螺旋多态蜗牛物种——庭园蜗牛（Cepaea hortensis）和野薄口螺（Cernuella virgata）时酚氧化酶（PO）活性水平的差异有关。两种蜗牛均被寄生线虫雌雄同体拟阿勇蛞蝓（Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita）人工感染，并分析其死亡率和PO活性水平。我们发现，野薄口螺比庭园蜗牛受雌雄同体拟阿勇蛞蝓感染的影响更严重，并且野薄口螺的深色形态比浅色形态对这种感染的致死效应更具抗性。然而，对寄生虫敏感性的这些差异并不能明确地与不同的PO活性水平相关联。