Pace-Schott Edward F, Tracy Lauren E, Rubin Zoe, Mollica Adrian G, Ellenbogen Jeffrey M, Bianchi Matt T, Milad Mohammed R, Pitman Roger K, Orr Scott P
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,
Exp Brain Res. 2014 May;232(5):1443-58. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3829-9. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
Within-session habituation and extinction learning co-occur as do subsequent consolidation of habituation (i.e., between-session habituation) and extinction memory. We sought to determine whether, as we predicted: (1) between-session habituation is greater across a night of sleep versus a day awake; (2) time-of-day accounts for differences; (3) between-session habituation predicts consolidation of extinction memory; (4) sleep predicts between-session habituation and/or extinction memory. Participants (N = 28) completed 4-5 sessions alternating between mornings and evenings over 3 successive days (2 nights) with session 1 in either the morning (N = 13) or evening (N = 15). Twelve participants underwent laboratory polysomnography. During 4 sessions, participants completed a loud-tone habituation protocol, while skin conductance response (SCR), blink startle electromyography (EMG), heart-rate acceleration and heart-rate deceleration (HRD) were recorded. For sessions 1 and 2, between-session habituation of EMG, SCR and HRD was greater across sleep. SCR and HRD were generally lower in the morning. Between-session habituation of SCR for sessions 1 and 2 was positively related to intervening (first night) slow wave sleep. In the evening before night 2, participants also underwent fear conditioning and extinction learning phases of a second protocol. Extinction recall was tested the following morning. Extinction recall was predicted only by between-session habituation of SCR across the same night (second night) and by intervening REM. We conclude that: (1) sleep augments between-session habituation, as does morning testing; (2) extinction recall is predicted by concurrent between-session habituation; and (3) both phenomena may be influenced by sleep.
在实验过程中的习惯化和消退学习会同时发生，随后习惯化（即实验间期习惯化）和消退记忆的巩固也会同时发生。我们试图确定，正如我们所预测的那样：（1）与白天清醒相比，经过一夜睡眠后实验间期习惯化程度更高；（2）一天中的时间会导致差异；（3）实验间期习惯化能预测消退记忆的巩固；（4）睡眠能预测实验间期习惯化和/或消退记忆。参与者（N = 28）在连续3天（2个晚上）内，于上午和晚上交替完成4 - 5次实验，第一次实验在上午（N = 13）或晚上（N = 15）进行。12名参与者接受了实验室多导睡眠监测。在4次实验中，参与者完成了一个大声调习惯化方案，同时记录皮肤电反应（SCR）、眨眼惊跳肌电图（EMG）、心率加速和心率减速（HRD）。对于第一次和第二次实验，EMG、SCR和HRD的实验间期习惯化在睡眠期间更大。SCR和HRD通常在上午较低。第一次和第二次实验中SCR的实验间期习惯化与中间（第一个晚上）的慢波睡眠呈正相关。在第二天晚上前的晚上，参与者还进行了第二个方案的恐惧条件化和消退学习阶段。第二天上午测试了消退回忆。消退回忆仅由同一晚上（第二个晚上）SCR的实验间期习惯化以及中间的快速眼动睡眠预测。我们得出结论：（1）睡眠和上午测试一样，会增强实验间期习惯化；（2）消退回忆由同时发生的实验间期习惯化预测；（3）这两种现象都可能受睡眠影响。
