Peters Andrew, Patterson Edward I, Baker Barry G B, Holdsworth Mark, Sarker Subir, Ghorashi Seyed A, Raidal Shane R
1 School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, E. H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma St., Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
J Wildl Dis. 2014 Apr;50(2):288-96. doi: 10.7589/2013-05-121. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
We report the recent emergence of a novel beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) genotype in the last remaining wild population of the critically endangered Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). This virus poses a significant threat to the recovery of the species and potentially its survival in the wild. We used PCR to detect BFDV in the blood of three psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)-affected wild Orange-bellied Parrot fledglings captured as founders for an existing captive breeding recovery program. Complete BFDV genome sequence data from one of these birds demonstrating a 1,993-nucleotide-long read encompass the entire circular genome. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis supported the solitary position of this viral isolate in a genetically isolated branch of BFDV. On Rep gene sequencing, a homologous genotype was present in a second wild orange-bellied parrot and the third bird was infected with a distantly related genotype. These viruses have newly appeared in a population that has been intensively monitored for BFDV for the last 13 yr. The detection of two distinct lineages of BFDV in the remnant wild population of Orange-bellied Parrots, consisting of fewer than 50 birds, suggests a role for other parrot species as a reservoir for infection by spillover into this critically endangered species. The potential for such a scenario to contribute to the extinction of a remnant wild animal population is supported by epidemiologic theory.
我们报告了在极度濒危的橙腹鹦鹉（Neophema chrysogaster）仅存的野生种群中最近出现的一种新型喙羽病病毒（BFDV）基因型。这种病毒对该物种的恢复以及其在野外的生存构成了重大威胁。我们使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）在三只受鹦鹉喙羽病（PBFD）影响的野生橙腹鹦鹉雏鸟的血液中检测到了BFDV，这些雏鸟是作为现有圈养繁殖恢复计划的种鸟捕获的。其中一只鸟的完整BFDV基因组序列数据显示，一条长度为1993个核苷酸的读段涵盖了整个环状基因组。最大似然法（ML）和邻接法（NJ）系统发育分析支持了该病毒分离株在BFDV一个遗传隔离分支中的单独位置。对复制酶（Rep）基因进行测序后发现，第二只野生橙腹鹦鹉中存在一种同源基因型，而第三只鸟感染的是一种亲缘关系较远的基因型。这些病毒是在过去13年中一直受到BFDV密切监测的种群中首次出现的。在由不到50只鸟组成的橙腹鹦鹉残余野生种群中检测到两种不同的BFDV谱系，这表明其他鹦鹉物种可能作为感染源，通过溢出感染这种极度濒危的物种。流行病学理论支持了这种情况可能导致残余野生动物种群灭绝的可能性。
