Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre (MAPrc), Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia.
Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Psychiatry Res. 2014 Mar 30;215(3):586-93. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
While research has identified gender differences in characteristics and outcomes of smokers in the general population, no studies have examined this among smokers with psychosis. This study aimed to explore gender differences among 298 smokers with psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar affective disorder) participating in a smoking intervention study. Results revealed a general lack of gender differences on a range of variables for smokers with psychosis including reasons for smoking/quitting, readiness and motivation to quit, use of nicotine replacement therapy, and smoking outcomes including point prevalence or continuous abstinence, and there were no significant predictors of smoking reduction status according to gender at any of the follow-up time-points. The current study did find that female smokers with psychosis were significantly more likely than males to report that they smoked to prevent weight gain. Furthermore, the females reported significantly more reasons for quitting smoking and were more likely to be driven by extrinsic motivators to quit such as immediate reinforcement and social influence, compared to the male smokers with psychosis. Clinical implications include specifically focussing on weight issues and enhancing intrinsic motivation to quit smoking for female smokers with psychosis; and strengthening reasons for quitting among males with psychosis.
虽然研究已经确定了一般人群中吸烟者的特征和结果存在性别差异，但没有研究在有精神疾病的吸烟者中对此进行过研究。本研究旨在探讨 298 名患有精神疾病（精神分裂症、分裂情感障碍和双相情感障碍）的吸烟者中的性别差异，这些吸烟者参加了一项吸烟干预研究。研究结果表明，在一系列变量上，患有精神疾病的吸烟者中普遍存在性别差异，包括吸烟/戒烟的原因、戒烟的准备和动机、尼古丁替代疗法的使用以及吸烟结果，包括点流行率或持续戒断，并且在任何随访时间点，根据性别，都没有减少吸烟状态的显著预测因素。本研究确实发现，与男性吸烟者相比，患有精神疾病的女性吸烟者更有可能报告吸烟是为了防止体重增加。此外，与男性精神疾病吸烟者相比，女性吸烟者报告了更多的戒烟原因，并且更有可能受到即时强化和社会影响等外在动机的驱使来戒烟。临床意义包括专门关注女性精神疾病吸烟者的体重问题和增强戒烟的内在动机；并加强男性精神疾病吸烟者戒烟的原因。
