Silva T E, Colombo G, Schiavon L L
Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina Campus, Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade Florianópolis, SC, Brazil 88040970.
Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina Campus, Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Trindade Florianópolis, SC, Brazil 88040970.
Diabetes Metab. 2014 Apr;40(2):95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.11.004. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine synthesized by adipose tissue and has been shown to be a key component in the relationship between adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation. It circulates in plasma at physiological concentrations that represent 0.05% of all plasma proteins. Adiponectin has trimeric, hexameric and multimeric forms that bind to receptors AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and T-cadherin especially in liver, muscle and endothelial cells. Adiponectin is considered a potent modulator of lipid and glucose metabolism with antidiabetic, antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. The hepatoprotective effects of adiponectin, especially in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have been widely investigated, and its antisteatotic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic effects have already been described. Adiponectin levels are reduced in individuals with fatty liver disease independently of body mass index, insulin resistance and other adipokines, and are inversely related to the severity of steatosis and necroinflammation, suggesting an important role in the relationship between adipose tissue, the liver and insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin has also been found to be reduced in cases of hepatitis B and C infection, and in cholestatic and autoimmune diseases, but is increased in patients with cirrhosis of different aetiologies. In addition, an important role for the liver in the regulation of adiponectin secretion by adipocytes, mediated by bile acids, has recently been proposed. The present report describes the importance of adiponectin in hepatic diseases as well as some future perspectives of the role of adiponectin as a biomarker and therapeutic target in liver diseases.
脂联素是脂肪组织合成的最丰富的脂肪因子，已被证明是肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和炎症之间关系的关键组成部分。它以生理浓度在血浆中循环，占所有血浆蛋白的0.05%。脂联素有三聚体、六聚体和多聚体形式，可与受体AdipoR1、AdipoR2和T-钙黏蛋白结合，尤其在肝脏、肌肉和内皮细胞中。脂联素被认为是脂质和葡萄糖代谢的有效调节剂，具有抗糖尿病、抗动脉粥样硬化和抗炎特性，在代谢性疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。脂联素的肝脏保护作用，尤其是在非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）中的作用，已得到广泛研究，其抗脂肪变性、抗炎和抗纤维化作用也已被描述。脂肪性肝病患者的脂联素水平降低，与体重指数、胰岛素抵抗和其他脂肪因子无关，且与脂肪变性和坏死性炎症的严重程度呈负相关，表明其在脂肪组织、肝脏和胰岛素敏感性之间的关系中起重要作用。在乙型和丙型肝炎感染、胆汁淤积性疾病和自身免疫性疾病中也发现脂联素水平降低，但在不同病因的肝硬化患者中脂联素水平升高。此外，最近有人提出肝脏在胆汁酸介导的脂肪细胞脂联素分泌调节中起重要作用。本报告描述了脂联素在肝脏疾病中的重要性，以及脂联素作为肝脏疾病生物标志物和治疗靶点作用的一些未来展望。
