Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal,
Virchows Arch. 2014 Mar;464(3):333-46. doi: 10.1007/s00428-013-1521-2. Epub 2014 Feb 1.
Thyroid carcinomas represent a challenging problem from the prognostic standpoint. Despite an overall good prognosis of the most frequent endocrine malignancy, 10-15 % of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) turn refractory to radioactive iodine therapy. The increased incidence of thyroid cancer has led to the search for solid prognostic biomarkers that predict the behaviour of these tumours. Clinical and histopathological prognostic factors remain the only safe elements to be used for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with thyroid tumours. Despite the huge amount of genetic information of thyroid tumours, very few new markers revealed diagnostic or prognostic value per se. BRAF mutation can have some value if associated to other clinico-pathological parameters, or in the particular setting of iodine refractory tumours. Others can prove interesting in the future as predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response, but more studies are needed to confirm these potential biomarkers.
甲状腺癌从预后角度来看是一个具有挑战性的问题。尽管最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤的总体预后良好，但仍有 10-15%的甲状腺乳头状癌 (PTC) 对放射性碘治疗产生抗药性。甲状腺癌发病率的增加促使人们寻找可靠的预后生物标志物来预测这些肿瘤的行为。临床和组织病理学预后因素仍然是用于诊断和预测甲状腺肿瘤患者的唯一安全要素。尽管甲状腺肿瘤有大量的遗传信息，但很少有新的标志物本身具有诊断或预后价值。如果 BRAF 突变与其他临床病理参数相关，或者在碘难治性肿瘤的特定情况下，它可能具有一定的价值。其他标志物在未来可能作为治疗反应的预测生物标志物而具有一定的潜力，但需要更多的研究来证实这些潜在的生物标志物。
