Abiola A O, Omoyeni O E, Akodu B A
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos. P.O. Box 4558, Ikeja, Lagos State.
West Afr J Med. 2013 Oct-Dec;32(4):257-62.
Hepatitis B virus infection is a priority job related disease that has both serious public and private health implications. Hepatitis B vaccine is the first anticancer vaccine that has outstanding record of safety and effectiveness and 95% effective in preventing children and adults from developing chronic infection.
STUDY DESIGN/METHODOLOGY: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. All the 88 health workers at the Lagos state accident and emergency centre who gave their consent to participate in the study were enrolled. Pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.
Majority (70.2%) had good knowledge of hepatitis B infection and vaccination and the mean knowledge score (%) was 61.2 ± 20.7. Majority (90.4%) knew that hepatitis B virus can be acquired through a needle stick injury. Majority (67.9%) were aware of the existence of an effective vaccine against hepatitis B infection; however, only 45.1% knew correctly that a post hepatitis B vaccination test is necessary to confirm protection. Majority (86.9%) knew that a complete dose of hepatitis B vaccine is 95% effective; however, only 49.4% knew for how long the vaccine protects. Only 36.9% knew correctly that hepatitis B virus is 100 times more infectious than HIV. Attitude towards hepatitis B vaccination was good among all of the respondents and the mean attitude score (%) was 92.9 ± 14.3. Majority (84.5%) had poor practice of hepatitis B vaccination and the mean practice score (%) was 24.2 ± 25.0. Among those who did not receive the vaccine, majority (67.6%) gave non-availability of the vaccine as reason for this.
The respondents had good knowledge and good attitude but poor practice of hepatitis B vaccination. There is therefore need to provide health workers with adequate information on blood-borne viruses in order to reinforce the knowledge and attitude which will eventually translate into a good practice of hepatitis B vaccination. A clear and concise immunization policies and effective monitoring should be put in place to ensure compliance at all government health facilities.
乙肝病毒感染是一项与工作相关的重点疾病，对公众和个人健康都有严重影响。乙肝疫苗是首款抗癌疫苗，具有卓越的安全性和有效性记录，在预防儿童和成人发生慢性感染方面的有效率达95%。
研究设计/方法：本研究设计为横断面描述性研究。拉各斯州事故与急救中心所有同意参与研究的88名医护人员均被纳入。采用预先测试的结构化自填问卷进行数据收集。
大多数（70.2%）对乙肝感染和疫苗接种有良好认知，平均知识得分（%）为61.2±20.7。大多数（90.4%）知道乙肝病毒可通过针刺伤感染。大多数（67.9%）知晓存在预防乙肝感染的有效疫苗；然而，只有45.1%正确知道接种乙肝疫苗后需要进行检测以确认是否获得保护。大多数（86.9%）知道一剂完整的乙肝疫苗有效率为95%；然而，只有49.4%知道疫苗的保护时长。只有36.9%正确知道乙肝病毒的传染性比艾滋病毒高100倍。所有受访者对乙肝疫苗接种的态度良好，平均态度得分（%）为92.9±14.3。大多数（84.5%）乙肝疫苗接种行为不佳，平均行为得分（%）为24.2±25.0。在未接种疫苗的人群中，大多数（67.6%）将疫苗无法获取作为未接种的原因。
受访者对乙肝疫苗接种有良好的知识和态度，但接种行为不佳。因此，需要向医护人员提供关于血源性病毒的充分信息，以强化相关知识和态度，最终转化为良好的乙肝疫苗接种行为。应制定清晰简洁的免疫政策并进行有效监测，以确保所有政府卫生机构都能遵守规定。
