Impact of treatment modality and number of lesions on recurrence and survival outcomes after treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases.

BACKGROUND

Ablative strategies have been used to treat and facilitate hepatic resection (HR) in patients with otherwise unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM). We evaluated the efficacy of HR, concomitant HR and ablation and isolated ablation on recurrence and survival outcomes after treatment of CLM in patients with 1-4 and ≥5 lesions, respectively.

METHODS

A retrospective review of a prospectively collected hepatobiliary surgery database was performed on patients who underwent treatment for isolated CLM between 1990 and 2010. Pre-operative and treatment characteristics were compared between patients who underwent HR, concomitant HR and ablation and ablation alone. The impact of treatment modality on survival and recurrence outcomes was determined.

RESULTS

A total of 701 patients met inclusion criteria; 550 patients (78%) had 1-4 lesions and 151 patients (22%) had ≥5 lesions. Overall median survival for the entire cohort was 35 months with 5- and 10-year survival of 33% and 20%, respectively. Overall median and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 13 months and 21%, respectively. For patients with 1-4 lesions, median survival was 37 months with 5-year survival of 36%. Stratified by procedure type, 5-year survival was 41% in patients who underwent HR, 35% in patients who underwent concomitant HR and ablation and 13% in patients who underwent ablation alone (P<0.001). For patients with ≥5 lesions, median survival was 28 months with 5-year survival of 23% without difference between treatment groups (P=0.078).

CONCLUSIONS

HR appears to be the most effective strategy for patients with 1-4 lesions. When ≥5 lesions are present, ablative strategies are useful in facilitating HR in otherwise unresectable patients.