Kozey Keadle Sarah, Lyden Kate, Hickey Amanda, Ray Evan L, Fowke Jay H, Freedson Patty S, Matthews Charles E
Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014 Feb 3;11:12. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-12.
Gathering contextual information (i.e., location and purpose) about active and sedentary behaviors is an advantage of self-report tools such as previous day recalls (PDR). However, the validity of PDR's for measuring context has not been empirically tested. The purpose of this paper was to compare PDR estimates of location and purpose to direct observation (DO).
Fifteen adult (18-75 y) and 15 adolescent (12-17 y) participants were directly observed during at least one segment of the day (i.e., morning, afternoon or evening). Participants completed their normal daily routine while trained observers recorded the location (i.e., home, community, work/school), purpose (e.g., leisure, transportation) and whether the behavior was sedentary or active. The day following the observation, participants completed an unannounced PDR. Estimates of time in each context were compared between PDR and DO. Intra-class correlations (ICC), percent agreement and Kappa statistics were calculated.
For adults, percent agreement was 85% or greater for each location and ICC values ranged from 0.71 to 0.96. The PDR-reported purpose of adults' behaviors were highly correlated with DO for household activities and work (ICCs of 0.84 and 0.88, respectively). Transportation was not significantly correlated with DO (ICC = -0.08). For adolescents, reported classification of activity location was 80.8% or greater. The ICCs for purpose of adolescents' behaviors ranged from 0.46 to 0.78. Participants were most accurate in classifying the location and purpose of the behaviors in which they spent the most time.
This study suggests that adults and adolescents can accurately report where and why they spend time in behaviors using a PDR. This information on behavioral context is essential for translating the evidence for specific behavior-disease associations to health interventions and public policy.
收集有关动态和静态行为的背景信息（即地点和目的）是诸如前一天回忆法（PDR）等自我报告工具的一个优势。然而，PDR用于测量背景的有效性尚未经过实证检验。本文的目的是将PDR对地点和目的的估计与直接观察法（DO）进行比较。
在一天中的至少一个时间段（即上午、下午或晚上）对15名成年人（18 - 75岁）和15名青少年（12 - 17岁）参与者进行直接观察。参与者按日常习惯活动，同时训练有素的观察者记录地点（即家庭、社区、工作/学校）、目的（如休闲、交通）以及行为是静态还是动态。观察后的第二天，参与者完成一次未事先通知的PDR。比较PDR和DO在每种背景下的时间估计。计算组内相关性（ICC）、一致百分比和卡帕统计量。
对于成年人，每个地点的一致百分比为85%或更高，ICC值范围为0.7至0.96。PDR报告的成年人行为目的与家庭活动和工作的DO高度相关（ICC分别为0.84和0.88）。交通方面与DO无显著相关性（ICC = -0.08）。对于青少年，报告的活动地点分类为80.8%或更高。青少年行为目的的ICC范围为0.46至0.78。参与者在对他们花费最多时间的行为的地点和目的进行分类时最为准确。
本研究表明，成年人和青少年可以使用PDR准确报告他们在行为中花费时间的地点和原因。这种关于行为背景的信息对于将特定行为与疾病关联的证据转化为健康干预措施和公共政策至关重要。
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