Katrukha I A
Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2013 Dec;78(13):1447-65. doi: 10.1134/S0006297913130063.
Troponin complex is a component of skeletal and cardiac muscle thin filaments. It consists of three subunits - troponin I, T, and C, and it plays a crucial role in muscle activity, connecting changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration with generation of contraction. In spite of more than 40 years of studies, many aspects of troponin functioning are still not completely understood, and several models describing the mechanism of muscle contraction exist. Being a key factor in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction, troponin complex is utilized in medicine as a target for some cardiotonic drugs used in the treatment of heart failure. A number of mutations in troponin subunits are associated with development of different types of cardiomyopathy. Moreover, for the last 25 years cardiac isoforms of troponin I and T have been widely used for immunochemical diagnostics of pathologies associated with cardiomyocyte death (myocardial infarction, myocardial trauma, and others). This review summarizes the existing evidence on the structure and function of troponin complex subunits, their role in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction, and their clinical applications.
肌钙蛋白复合体是骨骼肌和心肌细肌丝的一个组成部分。它由三个亚基组成——肌钙蛋白I、T和C，在肌肉活动中起着关键作用，将细胞内钙离子浓度的变化与收缩的产生联系起来。尽管经过了40多年的研究，但肌钙蛋白功能的许多方面仍未完全理解，并且存在几种描述肌肉收缩机制的模型。作为心肌收缩调节的关键因素，肌钙蛋白复合体在医学上被用作治疗心力衰竭的一些强心药物的靶点。肌钙蛋白亚基中的许多突变与不同类型心肌病的发展有关。此外，在过去25年中，肌钙蛋白I和T的心脏同工型已被广泛用于与心肌细胞死亡相关疾病（心肌梗死、心肌创伤等）的免疫化学诊断。本综述总结了关于肌钙蛋白复合体亚基的结构和功能、它们在心肌收缩调节中的作用以及它们的临床应用的现有证据。
