Braun Hillary J, Shultz Rebecca, Malone Maria, Leatherwood Whitney E, Silder Amy, Dragoo Jason L
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015 Apr;23(4):1065-70. doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-2873-0. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Previous investigations have revealed a greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female lacrosse versus field hockey players. Lacrosse is played in an upright posture with overhead throwing and catching, while field hockey is almost exclusively played in a crouched, forward-flexed position. Biomechanical factors, including decreased knee, hip, and trunk flexion angles, have been identified as risk factors for ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to assess ACL biomechanical risk factors in female field hockey and lacrosse players to determine whether sport-specific posture might contribute to the increased incidence of ACL injury observed in lacrosse athletes.
Thirty-one Division I NCAA females from field hockey and lacrosse completed four tasks, three times per leg: bilateral drop jump, single-leg drop jump (SDJ), single-leg jump onto a Bosu ball (SDB), and a 45° anticipated cut. Kinematic and force plate data were used to evaluate knee flexion angle, knee adduction moment, hip flexion angle, and trunk flexion and sway angles. Muscle activity of the lateral hamstrings and vastus lateralis was used to estimate peak hamstring activity and the quadriceps/hamstring ratio at the time of peak quadriceps activity (co-contraction ratio).
During the SDJ and SDB, peak knee flexion angles were greater in field hockey compared with lacrosse. During cutting, field hockey players were more flexed at the trunk and had greater trunk sway, compared with the lacrosse players. No significant difference was observed for the co-contraction ratio for any of the tasks.
Decreased knee flexion angle during landing, consistent with sport-specific playing postures, may contribute to the higher incidence of ACL injury in lacrosse players relative to field hockey. Sport-specific training injury prevention programmes may benefit from considering these differences between specialized athletes.
II.
先前的调查显示，女子长曲棍球运动员前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的发生率高于女子曲棍球运动员。长曲棍球运动以直立姿势进行，有头顶传球和接球动作，而曲棍球几乎完全以蹲伏、前屈姿势进行。生物力学因素，包括膝关节、髋关节和躯干屈曲角度减小，已被确定为ACL损伤的危险因素。本研究的目的是评估女子曲棍球和长曲棍球运动员的ACL生物力学危险因素，以确定特定运动姿势是否可能导致长曲棍球运动员中观察到的ACL损伤发生率增加。
31名来自美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级联赛的女子曲棍球和长曲棍球运动员完成了四项任务，每条腿重复三次：双侧纵跳、单腿纵跳（SDJ）、单腿跳上博苏球（SDB）和45°预期变向。运动学和测力台数据用于评估膝关节屈曲角度、膝关节内收力矩、髋关节屈曲角度以及躯干屈曲和摆动角度。外侧腘绳肌和股外侧肌的肌肉活动用于估计腘绳肌峰值活动以及股四头肌活动峰值时的股四头肌/腘绳肌比率（共同收缩比率）。
在SDJ和SDB过程中，曲棍球运动员的膝关节峰值屈曲角度大于长曲棍球运动员。在变向时，与长曲棍球运动员相比，曲棍球运动员的躯干屈曲程度更大且躯干摆动更大。在任何任务的共同收缩比率方面均未观察到显著差异。
着陆时膝关节屈曲角度减小，与特定运动姿势一致，可能导致长曲棍球运动员相对于曲棍球运动员的ACL损伤发生率更高。针对特定运动的训练损伤预防计划可能会受益于考虑这些专项运动员之间的差异。
II级
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