Taylor Jeffrey B, Ford Kevin R, Schmitz Randy J, Ross Scott E, Ackerman Terry A, Shultz Sandra J
1Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina; 2Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina; and 3Department of Educational Research Methodology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Nov;31(11):3034-3045. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001785.
Taylor, JB, Ford, KR, Schmitz, RJ, Ross, SE, Ackerman, TA, and Shultz, SJ. Biomechanical differences of multidirectional jump landings among female basketball and soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3034-3045, 2017-Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs are less successful in basketball than soccer and may be due to distinct movement strategies that these athletes develop from sport-specific training. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical differences between female basketball and soccer players during multidirectional jump landings. Lower extremity biomechanics of 89 female athletes who played competitive basketball (n = 40) or soccer (n = 49) at the middle- or high-school level were analyzed with 3-dimensional motion analysis during a drop vertical jump, double- (SAG-DL) and single-leg forward jump (SAG-SL), and double- (FRONT-DL) and single-leg (FRONT-SL) lateral jump. Basketball players landed with either less hip or knee, or both hip and knee excursion during all tasks (p ≤ 0.05) except for the SAGSL task, basketball players landed with greater peak hip flexion angles (p = 0.04). The FRONT-SL task elicited the most distinct sport-specific differences, including decreased hip adduction (p < 0.001) angles, increased hip internal rotation (p = 0.003), and increased relative knee external rotation (p = 0.001) excursions in basketball players. In addition, the FRONT-SL task elicited greater forces in knee abduction (p = 0.003) and lesser forces in hip adduction (p = 0.001) and knee external rotation (p < 0.001) in basketball players. Joint energetics were different during the FRONT-DL task, as basketball players exhibited less sagittal plane energy absorption at the hip (p < 0.001) and greater hip (p < 0.001) and knee (p = 0.001) joint stiffness. Sport-specific movement strategies were identified during all jump landing tasks, such that soccer players exhibited a more protective landing strategy than basketball players, justifying future efforts toward sport-specific ACL injury prevention programs.
泰勒、JB、福特、KR、施密茨、RJ、罗斯、SE、阿克曼、TA以及舒尔茨、SJ。女子篮球和足球运动员多方向跳跃落地的生物力学差异。《力量与体能研究杂志》31(11): 3034 - 3045，2017年——前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤预防计划在篮球运动中不如在足球运动中成功，这可能是由于这些运动员从特定运动训练中形成的不同运动策略。本研究的目的是确定女子篮球和足球运动员在多方向跳跃落地过程中的生物力学差异。对89名在初中或高中阶段参加竞技篮球（n = 40）或足球（n = 49）的女性运动员的下肢生物力学进行了分析，在垂直下落跳跃、双（矢状面 - 双下肢）和单腿前向跳跃（矢状面 - 单下肢）以及双（额状面 - 双下肢）和单腿（额状面 - 单下肢）侧向跳跃过程中采用三维运动分析。除矢状面 - 单下肢任务外，在所有任务中篮球运动员落地时髋关节或膝关节，或髋关节和膝关节的偏移量均较小（p≤0.05），在矢状面 - 单下肢任务中，篮球运动员落地时髋关节最大屈曲角度更大（p = 0.04）。额状面 - 单下肢任务引发了最明显的特定运动差异，包括篮球运动员髋关节内收角度减小（p < 0.001）、髋关节内旋增加（p = 0.003）以及相对膝关节外旋偏移增加（p = 0.001）。此外，额状面 - 单下肢任务在篮球运动员中引发的膝关节外展力更大（p = 0.003），髋关节内收力（p = 0.001）和膝关节外旋力（p < 0.001）更小。在额状面 - 双下肢任务中关节能量学存在差异，因为篮球运动员在髋关节处的矢状面能量吸收较少（p < 0.001），髋关节（p < 0.001）和膝关节（p = 0.001）的关节刚度更大。在所有跳跃落地任务中都确定了特定运动的运动策略，使得足球运动员比篮球运动员表现出更具保护性的落地策略，这为未来针对特定运动的前交叉韧带损伤预防计划的努力提供了依据。
