a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Friedrich-Loeffler-Instiute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Braunschweig , Germany.
Arch Anim Nutr. 2014;68(1):55-62. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2014.881065.
Tilletia caries is a fungus that mainly infects wheat, causing the disease bunt. Wheat bunt had been one of the most dangerous plant diseases before seed dressing was a common practice. However, it is still of importance in organic farming, since seed dressing is not permitted. Trimethylamine (TMA) is a metabolic product of T. caries known to cause a fishy odour of highly contaminated wheat. Therefore, contamination of feed is supposed to decrease feed intake. However, systematic studies on the effect of practically relevant proportions of bunt-infected wheat on performance and health of pigs are not available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of increasing proportions of bunt-infected wheat (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of the diet) corresponding to a total spore content of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% on the performance and health of piglets during a 5-week experiment starting after weaning. TMA was not detectable in the contaminated wheat and the feed intake of piglets remained unaffected. However, live weight gain decreased linearly and feed-to-gain ratio significantly increased as the proportion of contaminated wheat increased. Haematological and serum clinical-chemical characteristics as well as the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were not influenced by dietary treatments. Based on the limited data of the present experiment it might be concluded from the adverse effects of bunt-infected wheat in piglet diets on the feed-to-gain ratio that a spore content of 0.2% of the complete diet should not be exceeded.
小麦黑粉菌是一种主要感染小麦的真菌，可导致小麦腥黑穗病。在种子包衣普遍应用之前，小麦腥黑穗病曾是最危险的植物病害之一。然而，由于种子包衣是不允许的，因此它在有机农业中仍然很重要。三甲胺（TMA）是小麦黑粉菌的一种代谢产物，已知其可导致受高度污染的小麦发出鱼腥味。因此，人们认为饲料污染会降低饲料的摄入量。然而，目前还没有关于受实际污染比例的黑粉病感染小麦对猪的性能和健康影响的系统研究。因此，本研究的目的是研究在断奶后 5 周的试验期间，随着感染黑粉病的小麦比例（日粮的 0%、10%、20%和 30%，相应的总孢子含量为 0%、0.2%、0.4%和 0.6%）的增加，对仔猪性能和健康的影响。受污染的小麦中未检测到 TMA，仔猪的采食量不受影响。然而，随着污染小麦比例的增加，体重增加呈线性下降，饲料转化率显著增加。血液学和血清临床化学特征以及外周血单核细胞的活力不受日粮处理的影响。根据本试验的有限数据，从受黑粉病感染的小麦对仔猪日粮的饲料转化率的不利影响来看，日粮中完整饲料的孢子含量不应超过 0.2%。
