Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2013 Mar 27;2(1):6. doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-2-6.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a three times higher risk of developing active TB than people without diabetes. However, there is not enough credible information on the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among DM patients in Ethiopia, in general, and in the city of Dessie, in particular. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of smear positive PTB among diabetic patients at a referral hospital in Dessie.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2012 to April 2012. Patient demographic characteristics were collected using a pre-tested standard questionnaire format. Spot-morning-spot sputum specimens were collected from the study participants and examined for acid-fast bacilli using direct microscopy by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Out of 225 TB suspected diabetic patients, 52% were males and 48% were females. Their ages ranged from 12 to 82 years, with a mean age of 47.2 years. Urban residence (AOR: 5.5; 95% CI: 1.07-28.20), history of TB (AOR: 13.4; 95% CI: 2.74-65.73), contact with TB patients in the family (AOR: 9.4; 95% CI: 1.822-48.50), and long duration of DM (AOR: 8.89; 95% CI: 1.88-58.12) were independently associated with the development of active TB in people living with DM.
The prevalence of smear positive PTB was 6.2% in TB suspected diabetic patients, which is higher compared with the general population (0.39%). Patients with a previous history of contact with TB patients, as well as those who had prolonged diabetes, were more prone to have PTB. Therefore, screening of diabetic patients for PTB infection during follow-up is necessary.
结核病（TB）是一种传染病，仍然是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因。患有糖尿病（DM）的人比没有糖尿病的人患活动性 TB 的风险高三倍。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚，特别是德西市 DM 患者中肺结核（PTB）的负担，没有足够可信的信息。因此，本研究旨在确定在德西一家转诊医院中，糖尿病患者中涂阳肺结核的患病率和相关危险因素。
这是一项从 2012 年 2 月至 2012 年 4 月进行的横断面研究。使用经过预测试的标准问卷格式收集患者的人口统计学特征。从研究参与者中采集清晨即时痰标本，并使用 Ziehl-Neelsen 染色技术通过直接显微镜检查抗酸杆菌。使用 SPSS 版本 16 统计软件输入和分析数据，p 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在 225 例疑似 TB 的糖尿病患者中，52%为男性，48%为女性。他们的年龄从 12 岁到 82 岁不等，平均年龄为 47.2 岁。城市居民（AOR：5.5；95%CI：1.07-28.20）、TB 病史（AOR：13.4；95%CI：2.74-65.73）、家庭中与 TB 患者接触（AOR：9.4；95%CI：1.822-48.50）和较长的 DM 病程（AOR：8.89；95%CI：1.88-58.12）与 DM 患者中活动性 TB 的发生独立相关。
在疑似 TB 的糖尿病患者中，涂阳 PTB 的患病率为 6.2%，高于一般人群（0.39%）。与 TB 患者有过接触史以及糖尿病病程较长的患者更易发生 PTB。因此，在随访期间对糖尿病患者进行 PTB 感染筛查是必要的。
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