Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Mar;123(3):643-652. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000142.
In mammalian physiology, lactation follows pregnancy, and disruption of this physiology is associated with adverse health outcomes for mother and child. Although lactation is the physiologic norm, cultural norms for infant feeding have changed dramatically over the past century. Breastfeeding initiation fell from 70% in the early 1900s to 22% in 1972. In the past 40 years, rates have risen substantially, to 77% in 2010. Although more mothers are initiating breastfeeding, many report that they do not continue as long as they desire. As reproductive health care experts, obstetricians are uniquely positioned to assist women to make an informed feeding decision, offer anticipatory guidance, support normal lactation physiology, and evaluate and treat breastfeeding complications. Integration of care among the obstetrician, pediatric provider, and lactation consultant may enable more women to achieve their breastfeeding goals, thereby improving health outcomes across two generations.
在哺乳动物生理学中，哺乳紧随妊娠之后，而这种生理学的中断与母婴的不良健康后果有关。尽管哺乳是生理常态，但过去一个世纪以来，婴儿喂养的文化规范已经发生了巨大变化。母乳喂养的初始比例从 20 世纪初的 70%下降到 1972 年的 22%。在过去的 40 年中，这一比例大幅上升，到 2010 年达到 77%。尽管越来越多的母亲开始母乳喂养，但许多人表示，她们没有按照自己的意愿持续那么久。作为生殖健康护理专家，妇产科医生具有独特的地位，可以帮助妇女做出明智的喂养决策，提供预期指导，支持正常的哺乳生理学，并评估和治疗母乳喂养并发症。妇产科医生、儿科医生和哺乳顾问之间的护理整合可以使更多的妇女实现母乳喂养目标，从而改善两代人的健康结果。
